Model for choosing optimal water flow rate for tank wall cooling

Basmanov Oleksii

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

Maksymenko Maksym

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4815

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-1

Keywords: tank fire, thermal influence of fire, heat transfer, water cooling, water flow rate

Аnnotation

In this paper, we have considered the problem of choosing the optimal water flow rate for cooling the tank wall with water in the event of a fire in the adjacent tank. The optimal water flow rate is understood as the minimal flow ensuring a sufficient level of cooling. The choice of the water flow rate is based on the solution of the thermal balance equation for the tank wall and the thermal balance equation for the water film. The model takes into account the radiant heat transfer between the flame, the tank wall, the environment and the internal space of the tank. The convective heat transfer from the tank wall to water and vapor-air mixture is also taken into account. Here, we have developed an algorithm for determining the optimal water flow for cooling the tank wall. Solving the problem of choosing the rate of the cooling water flow is reduced to the sequential solution of the problems to determine the temperature distribution along the tank wall and the water film. We have constructed the functional dependence of optimal water flow rate for tank cooling on the direction and velocity of the wind. The inclination of the flame by the wind towards the adjacent tank increases the relevant heat influx, which requires a greater intensity of cooling. On the contrary, when the direction of the wind is away from the adjacent tank, the heat flux decreases. At the same time, for wind velocity greater than a certain value, the heat flux decreases to such an extent that there is no more need to cool the walls of the adjacent tank. With the perpendicular direction of the wind, at certain velocity values, there is no need to cool the walls of the adjacent tank either. The obtained results can be used to determine the rate of water flow for cooling the tank wall in the event of a fire in an adjacent tank.

References

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Quantitative control of technological haracteristics of activated sludge in environmental biotechnologies

Valentyna Iurchenko

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-710X

Svetlana Tkachenko

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9542-5869

Yulia Levashova

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6323-2114

Natalia Kosenko

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4554-0305

Oksana Melnikova

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5649-2997

Ganna Chernyshenko

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0685-925X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-24

Keywords: activated sludge, flakes, technological characteristics, shape, dimensions, structure, sedimentation properties, adhesion

Аnnotation

For the quantitative control of the technological characteristics of activated sludge in biological treatment plants, a computerized method was developed as part of the presented research, the use of which increases the reliability and man-made safety of the operation of biological treatment plants. The methodology is based on the quantitative determination of geometric (area, volume) and morphological (shape and structure) characteristics of activated sludge flakes during the processing of microphotographs of sludge in the Image J software product. Photographing of microscopic images of sludge was performed at a magnification of 100 times and zoomed using micrometer eyepiece. Currently, the morphological characteristics of activated sludge are determined only visually, which does not allow averaging the data of a large number of samples and generally determines the subjective nature of the assessments. Studies of sludge flakes in adhesions on membranes of a membrane biological reactor showed that flakes from the surface aerobic zone of adhesions have a somewhat rounder shape, smaller linear dimensions, area and volume than sludge flakes from the anaerobic zone in the depth of adhe-sions. Studies of the effect of magnesium ions on the properties of activated sludge flakes showed that with an increase in the concentration of magnesium in the sludge liquid, there is a decrease in the roundness of the flakes, a slight deterioration of the structure, but there is a much more significant increase in linear dimensions (by almost 60 %), area (by 134 %) and extraordinary increase (by 275 %) in the volume of flakes. These indicators indicate an improvement in the technological properties of the flakes and a reduction in their ability to stick to the reactor membranes. The developed computerized technique makes it possible to significantly detail and clarify the results of visual evaluations of the technological characteristics of activated sludge flakes and to detect the smallest changes in the morphological indicators of flakes in various wastewater treatment technologies in a large array of data.

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Determination based on the Nusselt method  heat flow from surface rotation

Leonid Kutsenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-8848

Andrii Kalinovsky

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

Elena Sukharkova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4728

Svitlana Bordiuzhenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6426-3473

Maxim Zhuravskij

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8356-8600

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-25

Keywords: radiative heat transfer, surface of rotation, flame torch shape, Nusselt method, radial-parallel projection

Аnnotation

An approximate method for the numerical determination of the heat flux, which is radiated by a surface of revolution, and which reaches a figure of a given shape on the coordinate plane, is considered. The method is based on a graphical-analytical method for an approximate estimate of the heat flux (the Nusselt method or the unit-radius sphere method). Graph-analytical actions consist in the construction and description of a radial-parallel projection of the radiation source, directed to the figure of the heat receiver. As a result, we obtain a projection of the radiation source, the area of which must be compared with the area of a circle of unit radius that envelops it. The numerical value of the ratio of these areas will determine the measure of heat that will reach a certain point in the figure of the heat sink (local angular coefficient of radiation). But the application of the Nusselt method in such a "natural" interpretation in practice is associated with difficulties in calculating the indicated areas. The reason is the incomparable distances between the nodal points of the radial-parallel projection and the distances to the surface of revolution. To implement the Nusselt method in practice, it is necessary to generalize the scheme for describing and constructing a radially parallel projection of a radiation source. In the paper, a description of the radially parallel projection of coaxial circles located on the level planes of the surface of revolution, a description of the radially parallel projection of the axial vertical section of the surface of revolution, as well as formulas for calculating the integral angular coefficients of radiation for the considered case of surfaces are found. This problem was solved by using a projection relationship between an object and its radial-parallel projection. The results obtained can be used in practice in the form of a system for modeling and predicting emergency situations that occur on gas pipelines to assess heat flows from a virtual flame to the surfaces of buildings and structures.

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Simulation of the movement of an unmanned aircraft in the emergency zone

Oleksandr Kovalev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-5201

Ihor Neklonskyi

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-4945

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-23

Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, motion simulation, model, destination point, coordinates, maneuver

Аnnotation

The work reveals problematic issues related to the introduction of unmanned aerial vehicles into the system of operational actions of civil defense units and the integration of their use into a single management system for liquidation of an emergency situation. A mathematical model for simulating the movement of unmanned aerial vehicles in a high-quality zone has been developed. It is supposed to be used in the process of exchanging information between the elements of the automated control system. This model makes it possible to make a logical conclusion about the achievement of the required destination point by the air object. The model description algorithm is reduced to the analytical movement of an aerial object with the corresponding possible maneuver in the geographic coordinate system. The work of the model can take place in several cycles. Reproduction of the movement of an aerial object is carried out taking into account all types of maneuver. With this, each point of movement change will be considered as an intermediate point of the object, the final destination point has not been reached. The conditions under which the air object will reach the desired destination point are given. It is substantiated that their correct application will be only within a clear section of changes in the calculation parame-ters of search and rescue operations. The model allows for multiple calculations based on different options for the input data set. The model can be used as a separate block of the model of operational actions, which is conducted by all active elements of the system. The proposed approach makes it possible to improve the management of operational actions of rescue formations. The obtained results can be considered as a component of the information model of preparation and decision-making processes..

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