Two-stage porivational analysis of models of pidwater pidyom of vibuchonosafe objects

Ihor Solovyov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0400-6704

Maksym Hrytsaienko

State Emergency Service of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4436-9382

Valery Strelets

Humanitarian Organization The Halo Trust

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1913-7878

Anton Myroshnychenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5104-0657

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-16

Keywords: humanitarian underwater demining, diver-sapper, lifting, multifactorial models, specialized devices

Аnnotation

A method of multifactorial analysis of models of humanitarian underwater demining has been developed. It provides for the implementation of feedback in the existing methodology for substantiating operational and technical recommendations for reducing the time of humanitarian underwater demining by sapper divers by means of a two-stage (first in natural, and then in coded variables) comparison of multifactor models that describe various options for humanitarian underwater demining. This is due to the fact that an important and unresolved part of the problem of increasing the effectiveness of prevention of emergency situations related to the underwater location of explosive objects is the lack of a scientifically based approach to the multifactorial analysis of various methods of underwater humanitarian demining. The method is considered on the example of a two-stage comparative analysis of multi-factor models of underwater lifting of explosive objects by divers-sappers of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine by using a generally accepted approach and in the case of using a specialized device in the form of a rectangular "basket" with rigid ribs measuring 600x600x150 mm, which was made at the State Emergency Service Department of Ukraine in Kherson region. Multivariate analysis of the existing and new models confirmed that the use of a specialized technical device for lifting an explosive object by sapper divers significantly (with a significance level of a=0,05) affects the time of underwater humanitarian demining. In addition, with the level of significance of two-sided risk a=0,01 in both cases, it can be said that only the level of preparedness and the conditions of underwater demining affect the time of lifting an explosive object by the personnel of the State Emergency Service.

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Selection of precursors of safe silica-based fireproof coatings for textile materials

Olga Skorodumova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

Olena Chebotareva

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-8700

Andrey Sharshanov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-3453

Andrey Chernukha

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-14

Keywords: liquid glass, siliceous coatings, fire protection of textile materials, precursors of inorganic and organic origin

Аnnotation

The selection of the inorganic precursor SiO2 as the main component of the simplified safe technology for obtaining flame-retardant coatings on textile materials was carried out. By thermo-graphic research of organic and inorganic SiO2 precursors, performed on an OD-102 deri-vatograph under conditions of heating at a rate of 10ºС/min in an air environment, the processes of decomposition of the coating that occur during the action of fire were investigated. Gels based on inorganic precursors produced by industry (silica sol, silica gel) and silicic acid, which was obtained by the exchange reaction of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate of liquid glass and acetic acid, were studied for the comparative characteristics of thermal destruction of coatings. As organic precursors of SiO2, gels of ethyl silicate-32 and methyltriethoxysilane were studied, which were obtained by hydrolysis of organosilicon compounds in an acidic water-alcohol medi-um with subsequent polycondensation of the hydrolysis products. The effect of temperature on the nature of thermal destruction of silica gel, silica sol, silicic acid and organosilicon gels of ethyl silicate and methylotriethoxysilane was investigated. It is shown that inorganic precursors differ favorably from organosilicon precursors in terms of the overall thermal effect during their de-composition, mass loss during heat treatment, and the rate of change of this parameter. Consider-ing that, in addition to total mass loss, the increase in mass loss during heating is less than 1 % in compositions based on inorganic precursors, it is possible to use all three types of inorganic pre-cursors, but from the point of view of acidity and safety of impregnation compositions, prefer-ence is given to silicic acid obtained by the exchange reaction of silicate sodium liquid glass with acetic acid.

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Development of the automation tool for the design of fire alarm lines with optimized composition

Oleksiy Antoshkin

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-2030

Oleh Neshpor

Institute of Public Administration and Research in Civil Protection

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-5445

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-15

Keywords: mathematical modeling, optimization, coverage, placement of fire detectors, plume tracing

Аnnotation

The work solves an important scientific and practical optimization task of building means for automating the design of fire alarm loops, optimized in terms of the number of detectors and the length of wires for rooms of arbitrary shape, taking into account regulatory and technological limitations. A complex of programs for solving the optimization problem has been developed and implemented. A mathematical model of the problem, a generalized strategy for solving the problem, means of mathematical modeling of connections between circles, which model the control zones of fire detectors forming a circular coverage of the area, as functions that do not require the introduction of auxiliary variables, have been developed. Earlier works on a similar topic did not provide an opportunity to automatically obtain the optimal composition of fire alarm loops, taking into account the requirements of a regulatory and physical nature. The computational experiments carried out in the work convincingly confirmed the constructiveness of the developed means of mathematical modeling of the connections of geometric objects in the problems of circular coverage and demonstrated the adequacy of the constructed mathematical model of the problem of covering with circles of the same radius an area of complex shape and its implementations, the effectiveness algorithms for generating the solution space and methods for finding a local extremum. It should be noted that most of the results obtained during computational experiments were obtained for the first time. The practical value of the proposed approach for problems of circular coverage of arbitrary areas, which consists in the generation of the solution space of the problem for an acceptable starting point with subsequent local optimization, is clearly demonstrated during the solution of test problems. The developed software complex can be used in the design of fire alarm systems by design engineers and during the examination of projects.

References

1. Bennell, J., Scheithauer, G., Stoyan, Yu. (2015). Optimal clustering of a pair of irregular objects. Journal of Global Optimization, 61(3), 497–524. doi: 10.1007/s10898-014-0192-0 
2. Birgin, E. G., Bustamante, L. H., Callisaya H. F. (2013). Packing circles within ellipses. International transactions in operational research, 20(3), 365–389. doi: 10.1111/itor.12006 
3. Komyak, V. M., Sobol, O. M., Sobyna, V. O., Lisnyak, A. A. (2013). Optimization of coverage of given areas with geometric objects with variable metric characteristics: Monograph. Kharkiv: NUCDU, 124. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.ua/handle/123456789/5244
4. Yakovlev, S., Kartashov, O., Podzeha, D. (2022). Mathematical Models and Nonlinear Optimization in Continuous Maximum Coverage Location Problem. MDPI Computation, 10(7), 119–134. doi: 10.3390/computation10070119
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6. Stoyan, Y., Pankratov, A., Romanova, T. (2016). Quasi-phi-functions and optimal packing of ellipses. Journal of Global Optimization, 65(2), 283–307. doi: 10.1007/s10898-015-0331-2 
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Idetification of hazard sources at nuclear reaction with consideration of fuel element corrosion

Yuliana Hapon

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-5657

Maksym Kustov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

Roman Ponomarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-3108

Yevhen Slepuzhnikov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

Maryna Chyrkina

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-9142

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-13

Keywords: nuclear power plant, galvanic cell, electrode potential, corrosion, reactor, alloy

Аnnotation

The paper analyzes the sources of potential danger, arising at nuclear power plants as a result of the formation and accumulation of a significant amount of hazardous radioactive products during the process of release and the presence of a principal possibility of release in the event of an accident beyond the limit. The risks of radiation impact on the personnel, population and the environment as a whole are determined. It is established that one of the main factors that negatively affects and significantly limits the lifetime of a nuclear reactor is the corrosion wear of structural materials of the reactor core and fuel cladding, which is caused by the constant circulation of water coolant. A characteristic feature of water-water power reactors has been determined, which consists in continuous and local (nodular) corrosion destruction by the electrochemical mechanism of the surface of the fuel element cladding, which is made of zirconium alloy and steel parts of various grades of other structural parts. The paper shows a short-circuited galvanic element formed on the inner wall of fuel elements made of Zr + 1 % Nb alloy and pellets made of uranium oxide (UxOy), as well as the outer galvanic element of fuel elements and structural materials of the reactor made of steel of different grades. The hazards caused by corrosion destruction and release of hazardous radioactive substances from the reactor core are analyzed. Studies were conducted on the change in the thickness of oxide films depending on the operating time in solutions of different composition and acidity of the environment. The kinetics of galvanic processes accompanying internal and external corrosion was investigated, which plays an important role in improving the ways and methods aimed at preventing and preventing emergencies at nuclear power plants.

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