Еnsuring the safety of passengers during the depressurization of the aircraft cabin in high-altitude flights

 

Rudakov Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-0476

 

Myrgorod Oksana

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3435

 

Petukhova Olena

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-1255

 

Pirohov Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0801

 

Shcholokov Eduard

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-1487

 

Korniienko Ruslan

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-283X

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-16

 

Keywords: method of regression analysis, reserve time, complex of means of informing passengers, hypoxia

 

Аnnotation

 

The work includes an improved complex of technical means of collective informing about the values of the maximum reserve time of consciousness preservation in emergency situations (ES) of high-altitude flights. Statistical data on the occurrence of emergency situations (ES) on passenger aircraft were studied, which indicate the need to develop means of ensuring the safety of passengers of civil aviation aircraft in the event of emergency situations.One such complex is a complex of technical means of collectively informing passengers about the values of the maximum reserve time of maintaining consciousness in emergency situations in high-altitude flights. The object of the study is the organization of the safety of aircraft passengers in the event of an emergency.The article addressed the problem of ensuring the safety of aircraft passengers by identifying and eliminating some discrepancies between the possibilities of informing passengers and the lack of a set of technical means that allow such information to be implemented.To eliminate such discrepancies, a mathematical approach to the synthesis of integral indicators of the danger of high-altitude flight emergencies was considered, which made it possible to substantiate the need for the development of technologies for monitoring the situation in the aircraft cabin for the timely recognition of potentially dangerous situations caused by a decrease in barometric pressure. The work solves the scientific task of the research, which includes the development of a set of scientifically based technical solutions for informing aircraft passengers in the event of a high-altitude flight emergency.The peculiarities and distinguishing features of the obtained results, thanks to which they allowed to solve the researched problem, was the development of the algorithm of riskometry of the safety of high-altitude flights based on the human factor, with the subsequent implementation in the complex of technical means of ensuring safety. In order to build a complex of technical means of notifying passengers in the emergency of high-altitude flights, passenger safety assessments are given, calculated in real time on the basis of primary indicators available for registration during the entire flight (including in the event of an emergency). The practical application of the obtained results can be used in the aviation field in the event of an emergency.

 

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The study of the cloging process of stormwater infiltration systems with various filter nozzles

 

Artemiev Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-1990

 

Rybalova Оlha

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-4780

 

Bryhada Olena

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-8516

 

Ilinskyi Oleksii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-9462

 

Matsak Anton

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-9437

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-15

 

Keywords: stormwater, clogging, filtration, filtering nozzles, soil, filtration time

 

Аnnotation

 

The process of siltation on multilayer infiltration devices during filtration of stormwater runoff has been studied. Silting of devices determines their operational capacity, nevertheless the quantitative understanding of the silting process is quite limited, especially on devices with different filtering noozles. Therefore, a laboratory study of the effluent infiltration process has been conducted to better understand the physical processes of siltation. The silting process has been studied under conditions of a constant water level, with a concentration of suspended solids of 80‑300 mg/dm3 using four filtering nozzles: basalt, sawdust, limestone and polyurethane foam. It has been discovered that the largest layer of silting is formed at the boundary between the filter and the soil due to the formation of a sludge plug, which "protects" the filter/soil boundary. The composition of the sludge plug of the upper layer filtering the volume of the column has been analyzed and it was determined that the physical siltation is mainly caused by migration of sediment particles with a diameter of less than 0.05–0.071 mm (the fraction of which is the main one in the formation of the sludge plug). The issue of distribution of suspended solids according to size throughout the volume of the filtering device has been studied. The main fractions that most adhesion and affect the process of silting devices have been established. Relationships between the rate of infiltration of stormwater runoff and the accumulation of suspended solids in the filter layer has been determined. The lowest rates of decrease in filtration rate have been observed when using limestone (40 %), polyurethane foam and basalt showed similar results (51 % and 55 %), the largest decrease in filtration rate was in sawdust – 74 %. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in understanding the processes of pollution (siltation) of surface runoff treatment devices, which in turn makes it possible to modernize cleaning systems (design, filter nozzles, etc.) and minimize the accumulation of certain fractions of suspended solids on the surface of the watershed.

 

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Nonlinearities correlation of n-alkanes and n-alcohols physicochemical properties

 

Tregubov Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-822X

 

Kireev Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Kyazim Kyazimov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0790-9770

 

Trefilova Larisa

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-6491

 

Slepuzhnikov Yevhen

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

 

Vavreniuk Sergei

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-9906

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-13

 

Keywords: fire extinguishing, flammable liquid, cluster, foam glass, buoyancy, isolation, cooling, gel, consumption

 

Аnnotation

 

The combustible liquid modulating parameter was established to predict the foam glass fire-extinguishing layer as the primary means for liquids ensuring reliable fire extinguishing in combination with other fire-extinguishing means. The formation peculiarities and buoyancy indicators of dry and wet foam glass in polar and non-polar liquids (alkanes and alcohols) were investigated. It is shown that the foam glass buoyancy increases with an increase in the liquid density. The foam glass buoyancy in polar and non-polar liquids was described depending on the liquid density by an approximate linear dependence separately for dry and wet foam glass. The deviation from the linear trend is explained by the foam glass different wettability, some alcohols water solubility, and liquid mixtures peculiarities. The buoyancy relation with flash point was established, which works separately for n-alkanes, n-alcohols and glycols, which was described mathematically. A formula was developed to describe the relationship between flash temperatures and the liquids density. Correlations with a fire-extinguishing layer of dry foam glass for molar mass, molecule or cluster length, stoichiometric combustion reaction coefficient, burning rate on a free surface, density, flash point, boiling point, autoignition temperature were studied. The forecasting possibility the dry foam glass fire-extinguishing layer based on the description of flammable liquids clusters has been established. Mathematical dependences were obtained for the dry foam glass fire-extinguishing layer depending on the expected clusters length in the liquid and a similar dependence for flash points. The conditions for effective extinguishing of alcohols and alkanes with dry foam glass have been determined. Different modes of extinguishing hydrocarbons with flash temperatures tfp<28 оС and tfp>28 оС are recommended, based on the primary layer of 6 cm of wet foam glass with a fraction of 1.0–1.5 cm, with the possibility of finalizing the extinguishing, if necessary, with an inorganic gel by spraying components with an application rate of 0.2 g/cm2.

 

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Мathematical model of the probability of detection of a point target by the operator of an unmanned aircraft

 

Kovalev Olexander

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-5201

 

Yadchenko Dmytro

Department for the Organization of Work and Use of

Unmanned Systems and Robotics of the State Emergency

Service of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6451-7338

 

Melnychenko Andrii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-6926

 

Sobyna Vitaliy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-8037

 

Taraduda Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-0058

 

Panchenko Olexander

National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7727-3035

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-14

 

Keywords: mathematical model, optoelectronic systems, point target, payload operator

 

Аnnotation

 

The paper develops a mathematical model of the probability of detecting a point target by an operator of an optoelectronic device installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle using the Johnson criterion and the binomial law of repeated trials. The purpose of the study is to assess the probability of detecting a target using a sensor system under various external factors. The study considers the impact of various conditions, such as lighting, weather conditions, and sensor system characteristics on the effectiveness of target detection. During the study, a mathematical model was built that allows determining the probability of successful target detection using optoelectronic devices. The model involves using the binomial law to take into account the number of detection attempts and applying the Johnson criterion to increase accuracy. This approach allows taking into account factors that reduce detection efficiency, and also allows optimizing the sensor operating parameters depending on operating conditions. The results of the study showed that with optimal sensor parameters and environmental conditions, the probability of successful detection can be significantly increased. Modeling various scenarios allows obtaining a more accurate estimate of the probability and reducing the probability of errors. These data are important for improving detection technologies, allowing for more efficient sensor tuning, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the system. The results obtained have important practical significance for optimizing the use of optoelectronic systems in unmanned aerial vehicles. This model makes it possible to minimize the risks of false positives and increase the accuracy of target detection in real conditions. Such a development is useful not only for the defense sector, but also for civilian applications, such as environmental monitoring and security.

 

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Measuring complex for determining the efficiency of fire extinguishing equipment with fine spray water

 

Dubinin Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5240

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-12

 

Keywords: measuring complex, finely sprayed water, internal fire, efficiency, technical means of fire extinguishing

 

Аnnotation

 

The work presents and substantiates the design and operation mode of the measuring complex for determining the effectiveness of technical means of fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water. The measuring complex consists of 5 integrated humidity and temperature sensors, an information processing unit with a memory card and a power supply unit. The sensors are connected to the information processing unit (display driver board and sd card slot), which allows you to process and record the received information on a memory card. The measuring complex is powered by a laptop or power bank connected to the information processing unit. Processing of measurement results is carried out using computing equipment (laptop, tablet, etc.) with the pre-installed WPS Office or Microsoft Office program. Information is read from the sensors every second, and the total measurement time is limited by the memory card. The error of humidity and temperature measurements by the developed complex is determined based on the measurement error of the sensors used. For measurements, a scheme is proposed where the sensors are placed at different heights and distances from the center of the internal fire. Due to the use of the measuring complex, temperature and humidity indicators are measured when determining the effectiveness of modern technical means of fire extinguishing with fine spray, which ensure minimal consumption of extinguishing agent, mobility and have a simple design. By evaluating the efficiency of technical means of fire extinguishing with finely sprayed water, their scope of use is determined, and due to their mobility and autonomy, the level of safety of the personnel of fire and rescue units during fire extinguishing, including in the conditions of combat operations, will be increased.

 

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