Investigation of ash wood during treatment with fireprotective agent DSA

Anton Chernukha

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

Pavlo Kovalov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-5393

Oleg Bezuglov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-9174

Ruslan Meleshchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-2030

Oleksandr Cherkashyn

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3383-7803

Oleksandr Khmelyk

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-4135

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-2

Keywords: fire protection, fire protection efficiency, fire protection coating, impregnation, experimental researches

Аnnotation

Experimental studies of fire-retardant efficacy of DSA for ash wood have been carried out. The dependence of fire-retardant efficiency on the mass of dry agent is obtained, which is important when treating ash wood with DSA. The influence of wood characteristics of different species on the effectiveness of fire-retardant impregnating agents on the example of ash and DSA has been studied. It is established that the standard method of research of fire protection efficiency using only pine cannot provide fair data on the effectiveness of the tool to other wood species. Yes, according to the instructions of the test agent, 3 applications are required, but for ash to achieve the first group of fire-retardant effectiveness required 6 applications. The obtained dependence of the weight loss of the treated wood sample on the amount of fire-retardant composition in standard tests provides the possibility of engineering, economic and other calculations when performing work on fire protection. The standard method of research of fire-retardant efficiency with use of pine exclusively is checked. It is determined that standard test methods cannot be objective when processing species other than pine. Especially useful for the study is the dependence of the weight loss of the treated wood sample on the amount of fire-retardant composition in standard tests, the influence of wood of different species on the effectiveness of fire-retardant impregnating agents such as ash and DSA. The standard method of research of fire-retardant efficiency with use of pine exclusively is checked. Can it be used in the case of ash wood processing. Thus, according to the instructions of the tested tool, 3 applications are required. Ash wood has a higher specific weight than pine, so to make a sufficient amount of active substance is a more difficult task.

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Choice of bulk materials for extinguishing polar flammable liquids

Ilham Babashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Azerbaijan

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-1767

Ilgar Dadashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Republic of Azerbaijan

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-1094

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

Alexander Savchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-7415

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-23

Keywords: extinguishing liquids, polar flammable liquids, ethanol, bulk materials, foam glass, adsorbents, combustion inhibitors

Аnnotation

The study of the previously proposed method of extinguishing polar liquids with fire extinguishing agents based on light bulk porous materials is continued. The analysis of characteristics (adsorption properties in relation to ethanol vapor, the effect of combustion inhibition) and the choice of bulk materials for extinguishing flammable polar liquids. The bulk density, moisture content and buoyancy in ethanol of a number of selected bulk materials with different dominant mechanisms of cessation of combustion and different sizes and shapes of granules were experimentally determined. It has been established that the greatest buoyancy of a two-layer fire extinguishing system can be ensured with the help of foam glass with granule sizes (10–15), (15–25) and (25–35) mm. The influence of the characteristics of bulk materials on their fire-extinguishing properties: bulk density, buoyancy, water retention, ability to fill the voids of the lower layer and wake up through this layer is analyzed. Based on the determination of the ability to fall through the layer of granular foam glass, it was found that the lowest pouring provides the lower layer of foam glass with a granule size (10–15) mm. It was determined that the best adsorption properties in relation to ethanol vapor exhibits silica gel – 5,3 wt. %. It is concluded that for further study of the fire extinguishing properties of a two-layer fire extinguishing system designed to extinguish flammable polar liquids as a material that provides buoyancy, it is advisable to choose foam glass with a granule size (10–15) mm. For the top layer, it is advisable to test all substances that can inhibit the combustion process, as well as zeolites, granular silica gel, foam glass with a granule size (5–10) mm, expanded perlite with granules with a diameter of (1–1,5) mm, and two varieties exfoliated vermiculite.

References

1. EN 1568-1:2018. Fire extinguishing media. Foam concentrates. Part 1: Specification for medium expansion foam concentrates for urface application to water-immiscible liquids.
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Modeling the thermal effect of a fire in an oil tank to the next tank

Oleksii Basmanov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

Maksym Maksymenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4815

Volodymyr Oliinik

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-1775

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-1

Keywords: emergency, tank fire, fire heat impact, radiant heat transfer, convective heat transfer

Аnnotation

The forecasting of the consequences of emergencies caused by the fire of a vertical steel tank with oil product in the tank group is considered. Due to the thermal impact of the fire on the next tanks, there is a threat of cascading fire. Assumptions based on the model of heating the tank shell under the thermal influence of a fire in the adjacent tank are substantiated. This model is a differential equation that describes the process of heat transfer inside the tank shell, with boundary conditions on the outer and inner surfaces of the shell. These boundary conditions describe the heat exchange of the shell surfaces with the torch, the environment and the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank. The model takes into account heat exchange by radiation and convection. An estimation of the value of the mutual irradiation coefficient with a torch for an arbitrary point on the tank shell is obtained. It is shown that after transition to dimensionless coordinates the value of the irradiation coefficient for all tanks with a capacity of up to 20000 m3 depends only on the type of liquid – flammable or highly flammable. An estimation of the convective heat transfer coefficient under free convection conditions with ambient air for the outer surface of the tank shell and with a vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank for the inner shell surface is obtained. The estimation is obtained by using the methods of similarity theory.

Numerical solution of the heat balance equation for the tank shell allows finding the temperature distribution on the shell at an arbitrary time. This allows determining the area on the tank shell that needs cooling and determining the time limit of its onset. It is shown that within 5 minutes after the start of the fire, the temperature of the part of the adjacent tank shell that facing the fire reaches dangerous values.

References

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2. Wu, Z., Hou, L., Wu, S., Wu, X., Liu, F. (2020). The time-to-failure assessment of large crude oil storage tank exposed to pool fire. Fire Safety Journal. 2020. 117 (103192). doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2020.103192
3. Zhang, Z., Zong, R., Tao, C., Ren, J., Lu, S. (2020). Experimental study on flame height of two oil tank fires under different lip heights and distances. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 139, 182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.psep.2020.04.019.
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15. 15. Salamov, J., Abramov, Y., Basmanov, O. (2020). Estimating the convective heat transfer coefficient of the tank shell and the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank. Problems of fire safety, 47, 99–104. Retrieved from http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11117

Investigation of the effects of powders on fire extinguishing characteristics of binary layers of porous materials

Viktoriya Makarenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-1159

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

Evgen Slepuzhnikov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

Maryna Chyrkina

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-9142

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-22

Keywords: flammable liquids, binary fire extinguishing system, perlite, vermiculite, foam glass, dispersed powders, crystal hydrates

Аnnotation

The influence of dispersed powders on quenching of flammable liquids by means of use of binary layers of light porous materials is investigated. The choice of granular foam glass as a material of the lower layer of the binary system is substantiated. Exfoliated perlite and vermiculite were chosen for the upper layer, which exhibits increased insulating properties. It is proposed to apply powders on the upper layer of the binary fire extinguishing system: sand, ground talc, hollow glass microspheres. The use of the following low-melting powders of crystal hydrates of medium degree of dispersion was also investigated: aluminum sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium potassium acid, zinc sulfate and sodium thiosulfate. This reduces the volume of the cavities of this layer, which will increase the insulating properties of the fire extinguishing system. For the selected materials of the fire extinguishing system are defined: bulk density, buoyancy, moisture retention and ability to fill the cavities of the layer of material below. The highest buoyancy and the lowest bulk density of the binary fire extinguishing system is provided by the use of crushed foam glass as the bottom layer. The use of expanded perlite with a granule size of 1,2±0,2 mm and lamellar vermiculite with a plate size of 2×2,5 and 2×5 mm ensures the highest moisture content and the lowest ability to spill powders through the upper layer of the fire extinguishing system. Based on the study of the effect of fine powders of low-melting crystal hydrates on the fire-extinguishing characteristics of binary layers of light porous materials, it was found that the best results provide the use of crystal hydrates of sodium acetate (1,5 kg/m²), sodium hydrogen phosphate (0,12 kg/m²) and zinc sulfate (1,3 kg/m²). Of the latter, sodium hydrogen phosphate crystal hydrate is the most effective.

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