Model of tank roof heating under the influence of a fire in an adjacent tank

Maksym Maksymenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4815

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-18

Аnnotation

The thermal effect of a fire in a tank with an oil product to the similar nearby tank is considered. Model of heating the roof of the tank was built. It takes into account the radiant heat transfer from the fire and to the surrounding environment, the radiant heat transfer from the inner surface to the space inside the tank, the convection heat transfer to the air and to the vapor-air mixture in the inner space of the tank. The feature of the model is taking into account that wind inclines the fire and changes of the convection mode for the outer surface of the tank roof. The inclination of the flame to the adjacent tank under the influence of the wind leads to increasing the mutual radiation coefficient between the flame and the tank roof. In particular, for wind speed of 2 m/s this coefficient increases by 64 % compared to the case without wind. It is shown that for the standard distances between vertical steel tanks with a capacity up to 20,000 m³, in dimensionless coordinates the radiation coefficient depends only on the type of burning liquid. With using the similarity theory methods, an estimation of the convection heat transfer coefficient was obtained for free and forced convection on the outer surface of the tank roof. An estimation for convection heat transfer coefficient with the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank was obtained for the inner surface. To determine the temperature distribution inside the roof of the tank, the heat conduction equation was used. Its boundary conditions describe the heat flow on the outer and inner surfaces of the roof. The finite difference method was used to solve the equation. It is shown that the danger of fire spreading increases with increasing wind speed towards the adjacent tank. If no wind then the roof of the tank reaches a temperature of 250 ºС after 8 min. But for wind speed of 2 m/s this time reduces to 4,3 min.

Keywords: fire in a tank, thermal effect of fire, radiant heat exchange, convection heat exchange

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Geometric modeling of epihypotrochoid profiles of single screw for MOINEAU pumps

Yevhen Linchevsky

Department of Emergency Prevention, DSNS

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2571-3352

Leonid Kutsenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-8848

Andrii Kalynovskyi

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

Valeriya Semkiv

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-4754

Sergii Nazarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0335

Elena Sukharkova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4728

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-16

Keywords: geometric modeling, Moineau single-screw pump, epihypotrochoid, conjugate curves, enveloping epihypotrochoid

Аnnotation

A method of calculating the geometric shapes of the surfaces that limit the rotor and the body of models of single-screw pumps of the Muano system is proposed. At the same time, the contours of the normal sections of the rotor and the housing satisfy the condition of mutual conjugation in the coordinate system of a plane that is perpendicular (normal) to the axis of the pump. The concept of epihypotrochoid curves, convenient for calculating the interconnected surfaces of the rotor and the body, is introduced. Which consist of working profiles of periodically located epitrochoids and hypotrochoids. Descriptions of epihypotrochoid curves in a parametric form were found, where each of the equations has the form of a single analytical expression. The interconnectedness of the contours of the normal sections of the rotor and the body is illustrated by means of graphic constructions. Based on this, the following methods have been developed: a) determination of the integral characteristics and contact lines of the epihypotrochoid contours of the rotor and the body of the Muano pumps; b) description of a cylindrical helical surface with an epihypotrochoid normal section. This made it possible to calculate the volume characteristics of the pump cavities. The proposed equations of epihypotrochoid curves can be used to study their differential characteristics – construction of tangents and normals, construction of velocity and acceleration vectors for a point moving along the epihypotrochoid. And it is also convenient to use to study their integral characteristics – calculation of the area of a figure bounded by a closed epihypotrochoid curve, or a figure between two epihypotrochoids. The obtained results can form the basis for the improvement of Muano single-screw pumps, which will expand the range of their application. It should be noted that Muano single-screw pumps are used for pumping various types of liquids, which can be used in the work of emergency and rescue services. The pumps are capable of pumping sewage and sewage water, oil products, foam concrete and sand-cement solutions, etc.

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Influence of filter respirators on speech reasonability

Sergey Cheberiachko

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-4393

Yuriy Cheberiachko

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-1553

Dmitry Radchuk

Dnipro University of Technology

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-541X

Oleg Deryugin

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-7664

Sharovatova Sharovatova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-2189

Tatiana Lutsenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4548

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-17

Keywords: filter respirator, mobile phone, rate of speech, volume of speech, intelligibility of words

Аnnotation

The deterioration of the intelligibility of the words was determined during communication by mobile phone of the speakers in the filter respirator. There were 20 speakers graduates (male and female) aged 18 to 22 years who had participated in the research. They took turns in the room with a mobile phone and a laptop. The random words was appeared on the screen of devices which speakers in a filter respirator, told the listener in another room by a mobile phone located at a certain distance and near the ear. Hearing the word, the listener repeated it on the phone. Additionally, the following were controlled: the volume of the speech – with a noise level meter and the distance of the phone from the speaker – with a ruler. It was found that in the presented models of filter respirator the impact on the speech process is insignificant and ranges from statistical error from 2 % to 11 %. It is depend on the density of filter layers of materials and the degree of adhesion of the filter respirator to the user's face, which can affect facial expressions. Clarified when the volume of speech increases, their intelligibility increases too, but on the level of 70 dB it destabilizes and almost does not change. Studies have testified, when the rate of speech slows down twice, the intelligibility of participant´s language which using filter respirator improves to 5 %. There are some recommendations for improving speech intelligibility during communicating by mobile phone using a filter respirator.

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4. Atcherson, S. R., Mendel, L. L., Baltimore, W. J., Patro, C., Lee, S., Pousson, M., Spann, M. J. (2017). The effect of conventional and transparent surgical masks on speech understanding in individuals with and without hearing loss. Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, 28, 58–67. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.15151
5. Rahne, T., Fröhlich, L., Plontke, S., Wagner, L. (2021). Influence of surgical and № 95 face masks on speech perception and listening effort in noise. PLoSONE, 16(7), e0253874. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253874
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Study of water resistance of silica protective coatings based on liquid glass

Olga Skorodumova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

Olena Tarakhno

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-9874

Olena Chebotareva

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-8700

Serhii Harbuz

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-6214

Hanna Radchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6455-3582

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-15

Keywords: liquid glass, fire-retardant coatings, textile materials, water resistance, lay-by-layer assembly, fire resistance

Аnnotation

The water resistance of cotton textile materials impregnated with SiO₂ sols obtained on the basis of liquid glass was studied. Experimental coatings on fabrics were prepared by the bath method. After applying each coating layer and removing excess ash, the experimental samples were dried at (60–80) ºС. Fabric samples impregnated with sol SiO₂ were immersed in containers with distilled water maintaining the same sample/water ratio. The fire-retardant properties of the coatings were determined after standing in water for 2–72 hours. The degree of destruction of coatings during hydrolysis was studied by determining the optical density of the hydrolyzate above the surface of the samples using the spectrophotometric (KFK-2) method. Fire-resistant properties were determined at a laboratory installation for fire tests. Under the influence of water, partial hydration of the surface of the silica coating occurs, which does not lead to its destruction. The presence of a layer of adsorbed water molecules on the surface of the coating is the reason for an additional increase in the fire-retardant properties of the samples. It is shown that the degree of homogeneity of the SiO₂ sol affects the resistance to hydrolysis of the gel coatings. Low-concentration SiO₂ sols (8 %), which are characterized by high fluidity and have a long service life, have a predominant effect. The long-term effect of water provides an increase in the fire-retardant properties of impregnated samples in comparison with non-impregnated fabric samples. The concentration and degree of homogeneity of the SiO₂ sol have a predominant effect on the flame retardant properties. The surface layer of flame-retardants prevents the final burning and smoldering of the samples after removing the fire source, but does not significantly affect values of flame-retardant properties.

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