Model of tank roof heating under the influence of a fire in an adjacent tank

Maksym Maksymenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4815

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-18

Аnnotation

The thermal effect of a fire in a tank with an oil product to the similar nearby tank is considered. Model of heating the roof of the tank was built. It takes into account the radiant heat transfer from the fire and to the surrounding environment, the radiant heat transfer from the inner surface to the space inside the tank, the convection heat transfer to the air and to the vapor-air mixture in the inner space of the tank. The feature of the model is taking into account that wind inclines the fire and changes of the convection mode for the outer surface of the tank roof. The inclination of the flame to the adjacent tank under the influence of the wind leads to increasing the mutual radiation coefficient between the flame and the tank roof. In particular, for wind speed of 2 m/s this coefficient increases by 64 % compared to the case without wind. It is shown that for the standard distances between vertical steel tanks with a capacity up to 20,000 m³, in dimensionless coordinates the radiation coefficient depends only on the type of burning liquid. With using the similarity theory methods, an estimation of the convection heat transfer coefficient was obtained for free and forced convection on the outer surface of the tank roof. An estimation for convection heat transfer coefficient with the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank was obtained for the inner surface. To determine the temperature distribution inside the roof of the tank, the heat conduction equation was used. Its boundary conditions describe the heat flow on the outer and inner surfaces of the roof. The finite difference method was used to solve the equation. It is shown that the danger of fire spreading increases with increasing wind speed towards the adjacent tank. If no wind then the roof of the tank reaches a temperature of 250 ºС after 8 min. But for wind speed of 2 m/s this time reduces to 4,3 min.

Keywords: fire in a tank, thermal effect of fire, radiant heat exchange, convection heat exchange

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