Study of the influence of building material on the structure of buildings on the development of internal fire

Dmytro Dubinin

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5240

Andrii Lisniak

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-1513

Serhii Shevchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-9252

Yevhen Kryvoruchko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-9593

Yuri Gaponenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0854-5710

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-13

Keywords: internal fire, temperature, time of thermal penetration, coefficient of thermal conductivity, rate of energy release

Аnnotation

Researches of influence of building material of a design of a building on development of an internal fire are carried out. Brick was used as a building material in the first variant, concrete in the second variant, aerated concrete in the third variant, and expanded clay concrete in the fourth variant. Taking into account the proposed method and conditions of internal fire development, graphical dependences of thermal conductivity coefficient and fire development time are constructed, according to which it is established that when using concrete as a building material – maximum thermal conductivity coefficient – 0,0823 W/(m²·K) for 5 min internal fire, and 0.0412 W/(m²·K) for 20 min, and from aerated concrete minimum – 0,0153 W/(m²·K) for 5 min and 0.0076 W/(m²·K) for 20 min. At the same time, the time of thermal penetration through the wall according to the first option is 81,15 minutes, according to the second option – 70,0 minutes, the third option – 148,8 minutes, the fourth option – 80,0 minutes. There are also graphical dependences on the increase in wall temperature on the rate of energy release in four variants during the development of internal fire for 5 minutes and 20 minutes. It is established that the minimum value of the temperature of the concrete wall, depending on the rate of energy release for 5 minutes of fire development is about 208 ºC, and for 20 minutes – 260 ºC. The maximum value of the temperature of the wall of aerated concrete and expanded clay concrete for 5 minutes of fire development is about 350 ºC, and for 20 minutes – 440 ºC. The results of the research allow to increase the level of operational readiness of the personnel of fire and rescue units during the operational actions to extinguish internal fires, as well as in determining the fire hazard of building materials.

References

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3. Dubinin, D., Lisniak, А., Shevchenko, S., Krivoruchko, I., Gaponenko, (2021). Eksperymental'ne doslidzhennja rozvytku pozhezhi v budivli. Problemy nadzvychajnyh sytuacij, 34, 110–121. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-8
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Determination of thermal impact formation parameters for testing fire detectors

Yaroslav Kalchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-0782

Kostiantyn Afanasenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

Diana Іstratova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-5600

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-11

Keywords: thermoresistive sensitive element, thermal fire detector, thermal effect

Аnnotation

Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the parameters of the formation of thermal effects on the thermoresistive sensitive element of thermal fire detectors during tests using a method based on the Joule-Lenz law. According to the results of the experiment, a mathematical model of the dependence of the temperature of the thermistor on the electric current and the electric voltage applied to it during the tests. The graph of dependence of temperature of a sensitive element on these parameters is constructed. From the analysis of the graph it follows that the temperature of the sensitive element of the thermal fire detector largely depends on the electrical voltage applied to it during the tests. The time of reaching the temperature of the thermoresistive sensitive element of the temperature of operation of thermal fire detectors of class A1 has been experimentally determined. The numerical values of the parameters of the formation of thermal influence on the thermoresistive sensitive element of the thermal detector, when conducting tests based on the Joule-Lenz law, are presented in the form of tables. The recommended values of electric voltage and electric current for heating the thermoresistive sensitive element to a temperature of 54 ºС, which is the minimum operating temperature of thermal fire detectors of class A1, have been determined. Limit values of electric voltage and electric current at which the sensitive element of the detector is not heated to the minimum operating temperature are determined. It is shown that the obtained research results can form the basis for the development of new thermal fire detectors, which are tested in automatic mode and at the place of its installation. It is shown that conducting tests of thermal fire detectors by a method based on the Joule-Lenz law will reduce the time of its conduct by at least 1,83 times.

References

1. Qiang, L. (2011). Estimation of Fire Detection Time. Procedia Engineering, 11, 233–241. doi:1016/j.proeng.2011.04.652
2. Jevtic, R. (2015). Heat Detectors-Division, Positioning in Object and Simulation. Тehnika–Elektrotehnika, 64, 303–311. doi:5937/tehnika1502303J
3. Park, H.-W., Cho, J.-H., Mun, S.-Y., Park, C.-H., Hwang, C.-H., Kim, S.-C., Nam, D.-G. (2014). Measurement of the Device Properties of Fixed Temperature Heat Detectors for the Fire Modeling. Fire Science and Engineering, 28 (1), 37–43. doi: 7731/kifse.2014.28.1.037
4. Abramov, Yu., Kalchenko, Y., Liashevska, O. (2019). Determination of dynamic characteristics of heat fire detectors. Eureka: Physics and Engineering. 3, 50–59. doi: 10.21303/2461-4262.2019.00898
5. Jemeljanov, V., Sulojeva, J., Bartusauskis, J. (2012). Analysis of the Inertial Parameters of Fire Detectors. Safety of Technogenic Environment, 3, 26–32. https://ortus.rtu.lv/science/en/publications/15340
6. Jevtiü, R. (2015). Election of the fire detectors and their arrangement in object. Bezbednost Beograd, 57 (1), 197–215. doi:5937/bezbednost1501197J
7. Fan, D., Ding, H., Wang, D., Jiang, D. (2014). Field Test of Optical and Electrical Fire Detectors in Simulated Fire Scenes in a Cable Tunnel. Photonic sensors, 2, 156–161. doi: 10.1007/s13320-014-0174-3
8. Abramov, Y. O., Kalchenko, Y. Y. (2020). Theoretical bases of tests of thermal fire detectors. NUCDU, 120.
9. Kalchenko, Y. Y., Abramov, Y. O. (2015). Identification of dynamic setting fire detectors with thermoresistive sensitive element.Fire Safety Journal, 37, 71–74. http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11586
10. Abramov, Y. O., Kalchenko, Y. Y., Sobina, V. O. (2015). Method ofdetermining time constant of thermal fire detectors (Patent Ukraine №110086).The State Enterprise «Ukrainian Intellectual Prorerty Institute».

Calculation of working profiles of rotary machines, consistent with their gears

Leonid Kutsenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-8848

Sergey Vasyliev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-8765

Borys Kryvoshei

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

Elena Sukharkova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https//orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4728

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-12

Keywords: geometric modeling, rotary planetary mechanism, Wankel machine, functions of a complex variable

Аnnotation

A method for calculating a rotary planetary machine of the Wankel system is presented. A feature of the Wankel machine is that the movement of the rotor in relation to the body is carried out using a planetary mechanism, which is based on an internal gear. The proposed method makes it possible to take into account the connection between the parameters of the geometric shape of two pairs of mutually conjugate curves characteristic of the Wankel machine. The first pair of curves are the working profiles of the casing and the rotor. The second pair is formed by the tooth profiles of the internal gears. Accounting for this connection made it possible to find a description of the function of the change in time of working volumes limited by the profiles of the body and rotor (i.e., to determine the productivity of the machine). As a result of the research, it was found that the performance of the Wankel machine can be found by taking into account three features of this machine. The shaping of the conjugated working profiles of the rotor and stator is carried out using a planetary mechanism, for the calculation of which the functions of complex variables are used. The performance function of the machine is determined by the change in time of the volumes of space limited by the working profiles of the rotor and housing. An approximate description of the functions of changing the working volumes of the machine with time was carried out using specially developed graphic constructions. To match the geometrical parameters of the Wankel with the parameters of the tooth profiles of the gear train of the internal clutch, a method of graphic running has been developed. The results obtained are useful because the scheme of the considered Wankel machine is embedded in the design of the internal combustion engine of the same name, as well as in the design of various hydraulic machines, pumps, compressors, etc.

References

1. Mc Farland & Company (2006). The Wankel rotary engine: a history by John B. Hege, URL: https://www.worldcat.org/title/wankel-rotary-engine-a-history/oclc/123964823
2. Espinosa, L. , Lappas, P. (2019). Mathematical Modelling Comparison of a Reciprocating, a Szorenyi Rotary, and a Wankel Rotary Engine. Nonlinear Engineering, 8, 389–396. doi: 10.1515/nleng-2017-0082
3. Warren, S. (2012). New Rotary Engine Designs by Deviation Function Method. Los Angeles, 138.
4. Kutlar, O. , Malkaz, F. (2019). Two-stroke Wankel type rotary engine: a new approach for higher power density. Energies, 12, 4096, 22. doi: 10.3390/en12214096
5. Beard, J. E., Pennock, G. R. (1992). Calculation of the displacernent of a Wankel rotary compressor. International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering, URL: https://core.ac.uk/outputs/4956490
6. Reddy, A. R., Narendra Babu, G., Neelakanta, J., Jangam, Sumanth, Sreenivasulu, M. (2019). Design and Thermal simulation of Wankel engine rotor using catia and MSC patran. JETIR, 6 (4), URL: https://www.jetir.org/indexx?v= 6&i=4&j=April%202019
7. Chiu-Fan, Hsieh, Hao-Yu, Cheng. (2015). Effects of various geometric designs on the flow characteristics of a triangular rotary engine. Mechanical Engineering Research, 5, 1, doi:10.5539/mer.v5n1p1
8. Sadiq, G., Tozer, G., Al-Dadah, R., Mahmoud. (2017). CFD simulations of compressed air two stage rotary Wankel expander – parametric analysis. Energy Conversion and Management, 142, 42– URL: doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.03.040
9. Tartakovsky, L., Baibikov, V., Gutman, M., Veinblat, M. (2012). Simulation of Wankel engine performance using commercial software for piston engines, URL:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285199690
10. Drogosz, P. (2010). Geometry of the Wankel rotary engine. Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport, 17, 3, URL: https://docplayer.net/52157713-Geometry-of-the-wankel-rotary-engine.html
11. Sukhomlinov, R. M. (1975). Trokhoidnyye rotornyye kompressory. Khar'kov: KHGU Vishcha shkola, 152. URL: http://www.tsatu.edu.ua/pg/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/perelik-pidruchnykiv-ta-posibnyki-fsp.pdf
12. Kutsenko, L. M., Bobov, S. V., Rosokha, S. V. (2004). Metodi geometrichnogo modelyuvannya v zadachakh pozhezhnoí̈ bezpeki. Navchal'niy posíbnik. Khar’kov: ATSZU, 175.
13. Kutsenko, L. M., Reva, V. G. (2004). Viznachennya ob’êmnikh vitrat rotorno-planetarnikh trokhoí̈dnikh gídromashin. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Kiyevskogo natsional'nogo universiteta tekhnologiy i dizayna. Spetsvypusk. K.:Vipol, 170–180.
14. Vasil'êv, O. B. (2003). Profílyuvannya korpusu dviguna Vankelya v rezul'tatí obkatki trikutnikom Rello. Pratsí Tavríys'koí̈ derzhavnoí̈ agrotekhníchnoí̈ akademíí̈. Melítopol': TDATA, 4(19), 109–113.
15. Reva, V.G. (2004). Opis vzaêmospryazhenikh krivikh za dopomogoyu funktsíy kompleksnoí̈ zmínnoí̈. Pratsí Tavríys'koí̈ derzhavnoí̈ agrotekhníchnoí̈ akademíí̈. Melítopol': TDATA, 4(23), 70–74.
16. Sulíma, V. V. (2000). Opis krivolíníynikh trikutnikív, yakí pri sinkhronnomu obertanní zabezpechuyut' tochkoviy dotik. Prikladna geometríya ta ínzhenerna grafíka. Kií̈v: KNUBA, 67, 231–233.
17. Vorontsova, D. V. (2007). Geometrichniy sintez rotorno-planetarnikh mashin z urakhuvannyam í̈khn'oí̈ dinamíki. Geometrichne ta komp’yuterne modelyuvannya. Zbírnik naukovikh prats' Ukraí̈ns'koí̈ asotsíatsíí̈ z prikladnoí̈ geometríí̈ «KHDUKHT». Kharkív, 20, 107–112.
18. Ngo, K'yeu N'i, Ropota, Ye.P, Sukhomlinov, R. M. (1973). Opredeleniye vremya-secheniya raspredelitel'nykh okon trokhoidnykh rotorno-porshnevykh mashin. Vesti. Khar'k.politekhn, in-ta. Ser. Khimicheskoye mashinostroyeniye, 83, 5–9.
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Research of parameters of explosive zones of reservoirs with light oil products

Oleg Kulakov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

Albert Katunin

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-4558

Yuliia Mykhailovska

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-10

Keywords: explosive zone, reservoir, light oil products, explosive environment, wind speed, speed of source

Аnnotation

Classes and sizes of explosive zones of reservoirs are set with light oil products depending on the terms of their storage: into a reservoir, round respiratory to the valve that does not eliminate the coil of dangerous vapour from a reservoir in an atmosphere, and during rapid uncatastrophic depressurization of reservoir. Calculations came true by three methods: by the calculation method of determination of hypothetical volume, calculation method with the use of nomograms and determined method. The calculations executed by the determined method do not answer the results got with the use of calculation methods. Calculations, determinations of hypothetical volume conducted by a method, the high sizes of explosive zones give pain in comparing to got a method with the use of nomograms. Classes and sizes of zones after the determined method are fixed and case insensitive environment. Into a reservoir the explosive zone of class takes place 0. Round a respiratory to the valve reservoir depending on the rate of movement evaporation through opening to the valve at different speeds of wind at normal terms after calculation methods time of existence of explosive zone is maximal in default of the forced dispersion of explosive mixture. At the increase of rate of movement evaporation through opening of respiratory to the valve increase of radius of explosive zone it takes place on a logarithmic law. The change of temperature results in the insignificant change of radius. During depressurization of reservoir of increase of radius of explosive zone at the increase of speed of source takes place also on a logarithmic law. Radius of zone, got the method of determination of hypothetical volume have in two times exceeds the radius expected by a method with the use of nomograms. A maximally possible radius presents a 20 m and 9 m accordingly at speed of source of petrol 10 kg/s a radius is fixed the Determined method at the level of a 3 m for all terms of source.

References

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