Integrated assessment of the environmental state of the Dnipro reservoir

 

Vitalii Bezsonnyi

Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8089-7724

 

Roman Ponomarenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-3108

 

Oleg Tretyakov

Національний авіаційний університет

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0457-9553

 

Yevhen Ivanov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-6781-9238

 

Pavlo Borodych

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-9933-8498

 

Tetyana Lutsenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4548

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-16

 

Keywords: ecological safety of surface waters, integrated water quality indicator, complex water quality index

 

Аnnotation

The choice of a priority indicator of surface water quality for an integral assessment of the ecological state of the Dnieper reservoir is substantiated. The procedure for obtaining a combinatorial index of water pollution was used, the long-term dynamics of the main pollutants of the Dnieper reservoir was analyzed. The calculation of the value of the combinatorial index of water pollution and the relative assessment of the ecological state of surface waters were carried out in two stages: first, for each individual test substance and an indicator of the ecological state of surface waters, then the whole complex of pollutants was considered simultaneously and the resulting assessment was derived. This is done to minimize costs and efforts when monitoring surface waters under normal (non-emergency) conditions. As a result of research, it was established that the quality of water downstream has higher values of the combinatorial index of water pollution, due to the significant anthropogenic impact on the water body. A correlation between the complex index of water pollution and the indicator of biochemical oxygen consumption has been established. The priority indicator for the integral assessment of the ecological state of the water body – BSC5 due to the close relationship with the value of the complex index of water pollution is determined. The correlation coefficient between these values ranges from 0,92 to 0,96. The relationship that exists between the value of the combinatorial index of water pollution and the value of biochemical oxygen consumption makes the indicator of biochemical oxygen consumption important for the integral assessment of water pollution by various organic substances. Therefore, as a priority indicator for characterizing the state of the watercourse and conducting operational monitoring, the indicators of oxygen characteristics are selected. This data is useful and important because it will allow for more optimal use of limited resources when monitoring surface waters and improve river basin management.

 

References

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Development of protective wear resistant transparent glass-ceramic coating for porcelain tiles

 

Oksana Savvova

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-2274

 

Yana Pokroeva

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0112-7436

 

Gennadiy Voronov

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-8608

 

Oleksiy Fesenko

O.M. Beketov National University of Urban Economyin Kharkiv

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-9493

 

Olena Khrystych

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-1492

 

Viktoriya Deyneka

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7092

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-15

 

Keywords: porcelain stoneware tiles, glass-crystalline coating, structure, wear resistance, transparency, corundum, anorthite

 

Аnnotation

A protective wear-resistant transparent glass-ceramic coating has been developed for porcelain stoneware tiles using domestic raw materials under high-speed firing conditions. Achievement of high wear resistance, mechanical strength and transparency of glass-ceramic coatings was realized due to the provision of a high-strength structure of glass material with the formation of nanosized and submicron crystals transparent in the visible part of the spectrum in the bulk of the material and micro-sized crystals with high hardness on the coating surface during crystallization of the amorphous phase of a certain chemical composition. The presence in the composition of the main components, wt. %: SiO2–51,9; Al2O3 20,1; CaO–12,6 and ZnO and CeO2as crystallization catalysts in a total amount of 4,0 wt. % allows in the near-surface layers of the coating with a roughness of ≈3 μm to form a crystalline phase −α-corundum in order to ensure wear resistance and easy-cleaning effect, as well as to ensure the crystallization of anorthite in the volume of the coating with a crystal size of <0,4 μm for the formation of a high-strength transparent structure. The formation of a sitalized structure of a glass-ceramic coating with a silky surface texture ensures high performance properties (EN ISO 10545): water absorption 0.07 %; ultimate bending strength, 58.97 N/mm²; wear resistance grade 4 (2100 revolutions), thermal resistance (T = 20–150–20 ºС) 10 cycles; resistance to cracking (T = 160 ºC, P = 500 kPa, 2 hours) more than two cycles; frost resistance (from 25 to –5 ºC) more than 100 cycles; chemical resistance classes GLA, GHA, GA; stain resistance class 5; sliding friction, PTV for dry surfaces − 59; for a damp surface − 29. The industrial production of ceramic granite tiles with a wear-resistant transparent glass-crystalline coating at PJSC "KhPZ" makes it possible to bring modern domestic manufacturers of ceramic products to a new competitive level.

 

References

  1. Casasola, R., Rincon, J., Mа., Romero, M. (2012). Glass-ceramics glazes for ceramic tiles – a review. Journal of Material Science, 47, 553–582. doi: 10.1007/s10853-011-5981-y
  2. Barrachina, E., Esquinas, M., Llop, J., Notari, M. D., Carda, J. B. (2018). Development of a glass-ceramic glaze formulated from industrial residues to improve the mechanical properties of the porcelain stoneware tiles. Materials Letters, 220, 226– doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2018.03.023
  3. He, M., Lu, H., Yu, X., Xu, H., Zhang, L., Fan, B., Wang, H. Zhang, R. (2011). Sintering and crystallization behaviour of nanostructured glass-ceramic glazes derived from industrial solid wastes. European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A, 52(5), 169–174. Retrieved from: https://www.ingentaconnect.com
  4. EU4 (2017). Green paper - systemic review of the quality of state regulation of the market of ceramic tiles and slabs. Retrieved from: https://eu4business.org.ua/en
  5. Shimanskaya, A., Levitskii, I. A. (2017). Formation particularities of titanium-containing glaze coatings for floor tiles. Glass and Ceramics, 73(3), 94–99. doi: 10.1007/s10717-016-9833-8
  6. Kuchumova, I., Cherkasova, N. Yu., Batraev, I. S., Shikalov, V. S., Ukhina, A. V., Koga, G. Y., Jorge, A. M. (2022). Wear-Resistant Fe-Based Metallic Glass-Al2O3 Composite Coatings Produced by Detonation Spraying. J Therm Spray Tech, 31, 1355–1365. doi: 10.1007/s11666-021-01299-4
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Study of the influence of building material on the structure of buildings on the development of internal fire

 

Dmytro Dubinin

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5240

 

Andrii Lisniak

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5526-1513

 

Serhii Shevchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-9252

 

Yevhen Kryvoruchko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-9593

 

Yuri Gaponenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0854-5710

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-13

 

Keywords: internal fire, temperature, time of thermal penetration, coefficient of thermal conductivity, rate of energy release

 

Аnnotation

Researches of influence of building material of a design of a building on development of an internal fire are carried out. Brick was used as a building material in the first variant, concrete in the second variant, aerated concrete in the third variant, and expanded clay concrete in the fourth variant. Taking into account the proposed method and conditions of internal fire development, graphical dependences of thermal conductivity coefficient and fire development time are constructed, according to which it is established that when using concrete as a building material – maximum thermal conductivity coefficient – 0,0823 W/(m2·K) for 5 min internal fire, and 0.0412 W/(m2·K) for 20 min, and from aerated concrete minimum – 0,0153 W/(m2·K) for 5 min and 0.0076 W/(m2·K) for 20 min. At the same time, the time of thermal penetration through the wall according to the first option is 81,15 minutes, according to the second option – 70,0 minutes, the third option – 148,8 minutes, the fourth option – 80,0 minutes. There are also graphical dependences on the increase in wall temperature on the rate of energy release in four variants during the development of internal fire for 5 minutes and 20 minutes. It is established that the minimum value of the temperature of the concrete wall, depending on the rate of energy release for 5 minutes of fire development is about 208 ºC, and for 20 minutes – 260 ºC. The maximum value of the temperature of the wall of aerated concrete and expanded clay concrete for 5 minutes of fire development is about 350 ºC, and for 20 minutes – 440 ºC. The results of the research allow to increase the level of operational readiness of the personnel of fire and rescue units during the operational actions to extinguish internal fires, as well as in determining the fire hazard of building materials.

 

References

  1. Nakaz МVS № 340. (2018). Pro zatverdzhennja Statutu dij organiv upravlinnja ta pidrozdiliv Operatyvno-rjatuval'noi' sluzhby cyvil'nogo zahystu pid chas gasinnja pozhezh. https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0801-18#Text
  2. Dubinin, D. (2021). Doslidzhennja vymog do perspektyvnyh zasobiv pozhezhogasinnja tonkorozpylenoju vodoju. Problemy nadzvychajnyh sytuacij, 33, 15–29. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2021-33-2
  3. Dubinin, D., Lisniak, А., Shevchenko, S., Krivoruchko, I., Gaponenko, (2021). Eksperymental'ne doslidzhennja rozvytku pozhezhi v budivli. Problemy nadzvychajnyh sytuacij, 34, 110–121. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-8
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The influence of tire defects on traffic safety emergency rescue car

 

Volodumur Kokhanenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-5239

 

Serhii Rahimov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-3348

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-14

 

Keywords: emergency rescue vehicle, pneumatic tire, temperature distribution, defects, reliability, safety

 

Аnnotation

Modern emergency and rescue vehicles, like all others, are equipped with tires of radial design with a metal cord in the breaker. It was determined that the number of premature and unpredictable exits of such tires from operation due to the destruction of the shoulder zone and delamination in the breaker has increased. Since emergency and rescue vehicles are constantly in operational readiness (they are loaded with fire-extinguishing substances, special tools and equipment during the entire period of operation), and when called, they move at maximum speed, their tires are also in extreme operation mode. Emergency and rescue vehicles are equipped with serial tires. But, firstly, emergency rescue vehicles significantly exceed the limits of operating modes, and secondly, in the course of time, they do not reach the standard tire mileage. So, on the outside, the tires have a fairly deep tread pattern, but inside they have accumulated many defects, which leads to their premature retirement, which is unacceptable. In order to realize the resource of the tread before complete wear and increase the reliability of operation of tires of emergency and rescue vehicles, it is necessary to determine the reasons for the premature retirement of tires. When investigating the causes of tire failure, it was established that the presence of defects, both internal and external, worsens heat dissipation from the frame and from all layers of the tire. These phenomena lead to the unexpected sudden exit of tires from operation. Reasoned proposals for the design of emergency and rescue vehicle tires. On the basis of research, it is proposed to equip emergency rescue vehicles with tires of a special design, which is provided in the work. The obtained data will increase the reliability and safety of the movement of emergency and rescue vehicles when following them to the place of the call.

 

References

  1. Behnke, R., Kaliske, M. (2015). Termo-mechanically coupled investigation of steady staterolling tires bynumerical simulationand experiment. International journal of non-linearmechanics, 68, 101–131. doi:1016/j.:ijnonlinmec.2014.06.014
  2. Integrated dynamic sand efficiency optimizati on for EVs Vehicle dynamics international. (2019). 38–39. doi:1002/asjc.1686
  3. Pozhydayew, S. (2018). Utochnennya ponyattya momentu syly u mekhanitsi. Clarification of the conceht of forse momentin mechanics. Avtoshlyakhovyk Ukrainy, 21–25. doi:30977/AT.2219-8342.2019.44.0.21
  4. Wheel slip control for decentralized  EVs. Vehicle dynamics international. (2019), 24–26.
  5. Adjustment for temperature adjust mentin pneumatictires: pat. 82321 Ukraine. IPC (2013.01) B60C 23/00. № u201302439, zaiavl. 02.26.2013; opubl. 07.25.2013, Bul. 14.
  6. Burennikov, Y., Burennikov jr, A., Dobrovolsky and other. (2011). Business processes perfection of small motor transport enterprises. Bulletion of the polytechnic institute of Iasi. Tomul LVII (LXI), Fasc, 2, 237–243. doi:1080/00207543.2011.645954
  7. Dong-Hyun, Y., Beom-Seon, J., Ki-Ho, Y. (2017). Nonlinear finite element analysis of failure modes and ultimate strength of flexible pipes. Marine Structures, 54, 50–72. doi:1016/j.marstruc.2017.03.007
  8. Haseeb, A., Jun, T., Fazal, M., Masjuki, H. (2011). Degradation of physical properties of different elastomers upon exposure to palm biodiesel. Energy, 36, 3, 1814–1819. doi:1016/j.energy.2010.12.023
  9. Cho, J., Yoon, Y. (2016). Large deformation analysis of anisotropic rubber hose along cyclic path by homogenization and path interpolation methods. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30, 2, 789–795. doi:1007/s.12206–016–0134–5
  10. Larin, O. (2015). Probabilisti coffatigue damage accumulationin rubberlike materials. Strength of Materials, 47, 6, 849–858. doi:1007/s11223–015–9722–3
  11. Kokhanenko, V. B., Kachur, T. V., Ragimov, S. Yu. (2021). Influence of tire design on traffic safety of emergen cyrescue vehicle. Bulletin of the National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine. Problems of Emergencies, 33.

 

Calculation of working profiles of rotary machines, consistent with their gears

 

Leonid Kutsenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-8848

 

Sergey Vasyliev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6602-8765

 

Borys Kryvoshei

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

 

Elena Sukharkova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https//orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4728

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-12

 

Keywords: geometric modeling, rotary planetary mechanism, Wankel machine, functions of a complex variable

 

Аnnotation

A method for calculating a rotary planetary machine of the Wankel system is presented. A feature of the Wankel machine is that the movement of the rotor in relation to the body is carried out using a planetary mechanism, which is based on an internal gear. The proposed method makes it possible to take into account the connection between the parameters of the geometric shape of two pairs of mutually conjugate curves characteristic of the Wankel machine. The first pair of curves are the working profiles of the casing and the rotor. The second pair is formed by the tooth profiles of the internal gears. Accounting for this connection made it possible to find a description of the function of the change in time of working volumes limited by the profiles of the body and rotor (i.e., to determine the productivity of the machine). As a result of the research, it was found that the performance of the Wankel machine can be found by taking into account three features of this machine. The shaping of the conjugated working profiles of the rotor and stator is carried out using a planetary mechanism, for the calculation of which the functions of complex variables are used. The performance function of the machine is determined by the change in time of the volumes of space limited by the working profiles of the rotor and housing. An approximate description of the functions of changing the working volumes of the machine with time was carried out using specially developed graphic constructions. To match the geometrical parameters of the Wankel with the parameters of the tooth profiles of the gear train of the internal clutch, a method of graphic running has been developed. The results obtained are useful because the scheme of the considered Wankel machine is embedded in the design of the internal combustion engine of the same name, as well as in the design of various hydraulic machines, pumps, compressors, etc.

 

References

  1. Mc Farland & Company (2006). The Wankel rotary engine: a history by John B. Hege, URL: https://www.worldcat.org/title/wankel-rotary-engine-a-history/oclc/123964823
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