Fire resistance of fireproof reinforced concrete structures to increase the fire safety level of facilities

 

Yuriy Otrosh

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-2888

 

Andriy Kovalov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-7558

 

Roman Purdenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6467-4133

 

Nina Rashkevich

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6068

 

Roman Maiboroda

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-2959

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-9

 

Keywords: fire resistance, fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures, fire resistance assessment, numerical modeling, fire protection, fire-resistant coating, LIRA-SAPR

 

Аnnotation

A structural and logical scheme was developed, which describes the provision of fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures based on the proposed mathematical model and the calculation-experimental method of evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures. A mathematical model for evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures was developed, which consists of the following stages: selection of the formalization apparatus, construction of the external description, verification of the model's operability, construction of the internal state, verification of operability, and identification of parameters. Initial and boundary conditions were formulated during the construction of the specified models, which allow predicting the fire resistance of the fire-resistant reinforced concrete structure with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations. A computer model of the stress-strain state of a fire-resistant multi-hollow reinforced concrete floor was developed in the "LIRA-SAPR" software in order to increase the level of fire safety of buildings and structures. A static calculation of the fire-resistant reinforced concrete multi-hollow floor slab was carried out, as a result of which the stress-deformed state of the floor was obtained under the combined action of force and temperature loads. The results of numerical modeling were compared with the results of an experimental study of fire resistance. The accuracy of the developed computer model for evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures was checked. Non-linear laws of deformation of the model materials were established, namely: exponential and piecewise linear, which take into account the modulus of elasticity of concrete, the coefficient of linear thermal deformation of concrete, the ultimate relative deformation of concrete, which allow with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations (up to 5 %) to estimate the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures.

 

References

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  2. Otrosh, Yu. A., Ruban, A. V., Haponova, A. S., Morozova, D. M. (2019). Pidkhid dlya vyznachennya tekhnichnoho stanu zalizobetonnykh konstruktsiy pry sylovykh i vysokotemperaturnykh vplyvakh. Problemy pozhezhnoyi bezpeky, 46, 148–154. Retrieve from http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13532
  3. Xu, Q., Han, C., Wang, Y. C., Li, X., Chen, L., & Liu, Q. (2015). Experimental and numerical investigations of fire resistance of continuous high strength steel reinforced concrete T-beams. Fire Safety Journal, 78, 142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.09.001
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Improvement constructions cylinders of breathing apparatuses on compressed air

 

Vitaliy Sobyna

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-6908-8037

 

Dmutro Taraduda

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-0058

 

Mukhaylo Dement

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4975-384Х

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-8

 

Keywords: breathing apparatuses on compressed air, cylinder, polymer-composite material, liner

 

Аnnotation

A study was conducted to increase the reliability, durability, and weight reduction of cylinders for compressed air breathing apparatus of rescue service units. The design of composite cylinders with high-pressure air with improved characteristics, such as strength, permeability and ensuring hygienic standards, was developed, and with the aim of further verification of the proposed design, calculations were carried out, on the basis of which the possibility and feasibility of manufacturing high-pressure cylinders from mineral fiber in combination was confirmed with a binder, which is characterized by a relatively low cost and manufacturability when produced by traditional methods. The research was carried out with the aim of: developing a balloon design of high mass perfection and cost less than a similar metal-plastic balloon; ensuring the necessary carrying capacity of cylinders; determination of air permeability through the liner wall; determination of the type and amount of organic compounds released from the ma-terial of the liners during the storage of the cylinder filled with air. As a result of the research, it was established that: a cylinder with a liner with a wall thickness of 2.2 mm will lose its tightness after 45 days of exposure at a working pressure of 30 MPa due to a poorly made press mold, thinning of the liner in this place to 1.3 mm; a cylinder with a liner with a wall thickness of 4 mm at an operating pressure of 30 MPa, when observed for 135 days, will lose only 30 g in weight. A study of the hygienic characteristics of the cylinders showed that after exposure for 30 days at a temperature of 20 ˚C at an operating pressure of 30 MPa, in the air environment of the cylinders organic substances belonging to the class of aliphatic alcohols were found. Research proves the high efficiency of the use of composite-polymer cylinders for the purpose of preventing emer-gency situations at the facilities where they are operated, which confirms their usefulness and im-portance.                                                                                             

 

References

  1. Ielizarov, O. V. (2019). Tendentsii udoskonalennia izoliuiuchykh dykhalnykh aparativ na stysnenomu povitri. X Mizhnarodna naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia «Teoriia i praktyka hasinnia pozhezh ta likvidatsii nadzvychainykh sytuatsii». http://edu-mns.org.ua/img/news/120/zbirnik_11-12.04.2019.pdf#page=27
  2. Mair, G. W., Scherer, F., Scholz, I., Schönfelder, T. (2014). The Residual Strength of Breathing Air Composite Cylinders Towards the End of Their Service Life: A First Assessment of a Real-Life Sample. ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. (Paper №: PVP2014-28168, V06AT06A023). https://doi.org/10.1115/PVP2014-28168
  3. Zhi-Bo, H., Pan, L., Da-Sheng, W., Yue-Bing, L. (2022). Fracture toughness evaluation of 37CrNi3MoVE steel used for high-pressure air storage cylinder. Materials Express, 12, 1, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1166/mex.2022.2133
  4. Azeem, M., Haji, Ya H., Azad Alam, M., Kumar, M., Stabla, P., Smolnicki, M., Gemi, L., Khan, R., Ahmed, T., Ma, Q., Md Rehan, Sadique, Akmar Mokhtar, A., Mazli, Mustaphaa. (2022). Application of Filament Winding Technology in Composite Pressure Vessels and Challenges: A Review. Journal of Energy Storage, 49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.103468
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  6. Xiaoxiao, Niu, Guangfa, Hao, Chengliang, Zhang, Lei, Li. (2021). Design and Experimental Verification of Pressurized Cylinders in Hydraulic Rubber Hose Pressure Washers. International journal on the science and technology «Actuators», 10, 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/act10070139
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Swelling ratio of epoxy polymers filled with systems based on ammonium polyphosphate

 

Оlexander Hryhorenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-1010

 

Yevgeniiy Zolkina

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-2546

 

Danchenko Danchenko

National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3865-2496

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-6

 

Keywords: epoxy polymer, flame retardant coating, expand multiplication, mathematical model

 

Аnnotation

The multiplicity of expanding of the coke layer of epoxy polymers filled with ammonium polyphosphate and target fillers was investigated. Compositions based on an epoxy film former, hardened with polyethylene polyamine, were used as the object of the study. The target fillers are pentaerythritol and thermally expandable graphite as an additional carbon source, aluminum hydroxide as a gas generator, and aerosil as a thickener. The research was conducted according to the theory of planning experiments with the construction of second-order orthogonal compositional plans. The linear coefficient of expanding KL was chosen as the response function. Mathematical models were obtained that adequately describe the dependence of the linear coefficient of expanding on the content of components for the three studied systems. It was established that the joint introduction into the polymer matrix of two carbon sources, pentaerythritol and heat-expandable graphite, gives a positive effect in comparison with compositions filled with ammonium polyphosphate with pentaerythrite and ammonium polyphosphate with heat-expandable graphite separately (by 77 % and 45 %, respectively). It was established that the maximum value of the linear coefficient of expanding (KL2=66) among the studied systems is achieved in the system filled with ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and thermally expanding graphite with the following ratio of components: ammonium polyphosphate – within 20–22 parts of mass, aluminum hydroxide –15 parts of mass, thermally expandable graphite – within 2,5–3,5 parts of mass, which is 10% more than this indicator for the epoxy polymer filled only with ammonium polyphosphate in the amount of 30 parts of mass. The expediency of using aluminum hydroxide as part of the composition is shown. It was established that the system is filled with ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and aerosol with the content of ammonium polyphosphate components in the range of 23–27 parts of mass, aluminum hydroxide 25 parts of mass and Aerosil 1 parts of mass allows you to get a coating with a linear coefficient of expanding KL3=58.

References

  1. Silveira, M. R. D., Peres, R. S., Moritz, V. F., & Ferreira C. A. (2019). Intumescent Coatings Based on Tannins for Fire Protection. Materials Research, 22, 1–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2018-0433
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  4. Hryhorenko, O. M., Karpetsʹ, K. M. (2014). Doslidzhennya vplyvu dymopryhnichuyuchykh dobavok na protsesy termichnoyi destruktsiyi napovnenykh epoksypolimeriv. Problemy pozharnoy bezopasnosty, 35, 50–60. URL: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/6122/1/30.%20%D0%9F%D0%9F%D0%91.grigorenko_Karpec.pdf
  5. Danchenko, Y., Andronov, V., Barabash, E., Obigenko, T., Rybka, E., Meleshchenko, R., & Romin, A. (2017). Research of the intramolecular interactions and structure in epoxyamine composites with dispersed oxides. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6, 12, 4–12. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2017.118565
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  9. Li, J., Wang, H., & Li, S. (2019). A novel phosphorus− silicon containing epoxy resin with enhanced thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 164, 36–45. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.03.020
  10. Hryhorenko, O., Zolkina, Ye., Saienko, N., Popov, Yu. (2021). Investigation of the Effect of Fillers on the Properties of the Expanded Coke Layer of Epoxyamine Compositions. IOP Conference Series: Problems of Emergency Situations: Materials and Technologies II, 1038, 539–546. doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.539
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Research of the performance conditions of the fuel heater of the internal combustion diesel engine

 

Roman Kovalenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7601

 

Andriy Kalynovskyi

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

 

Boris Kryvoshei

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

 

Sergey Nazarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https//orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0335

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-7

 

Keywords: operating conditions of the fuel heater, special vehicle, diesel fuel, limit temperature of fuel filtration

 

Аnnotation

An improved design of the fuel heater of a diesel internal combustion engine is proposed, which ensures its operability under conditions when the cruising engine of a special vehicle is not started. The mentioned technical result is achieved by parallel connection to the known design of the fuel heater of the internal combustion diesel engine of the exhaust gas discharge pipeline, which is connected to the autonomous air heater of the vehicle cabin. Accordingly, the object of research is the design of special vehicles, and the subject of research is methods of improving the starting properties of diesel internal combustion engines in conditions of low ambient temperatures. Checking the performance of the proposed design of the fuel heater of the internal combustion diesel engine was performed by using well-known methods of calculating plate heat exchangers. For the calculations, the characteristics of the autonomous air heater of the vehicle cabin model «Planar-8DM-24» were used. It was established that the temperature of diesel fuel, which is maintained in the fuel tank near the fuel intake during the operation of the autonomous air heater of the vehicle cabin, under the condition that the start of the cruising engine is not carried out, is about 0 °C. This value is above the limit temperature of filtration of summer diesel fuel, that is, it allows us to assert the efficiency of the proposed design of the fuel heater. The proposed design of the diesel internal combustion engine fuel heater is most suitable for special vehicles operated by practical units and allows improving the starting properties of marching engines in conditions of low ambient temperatures.

References

  1. Tiutiunyk,V., Ivanets,H., Tolkunov, I., Stetsyuk, E. (2018). System approach for readiness assessment units of civil defense to actions at emergency situations. Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 1, 99-105. doi: 10.29202/nvngu/2018-1/7
  2. Kovalenko,R., Kalynovskyi,A., Nazarenko, S., Kryvoshei, B., Grinchenko, E., Demydov, Z., Mordvyntsev, M., Kaidalov, R. (2019). Development of a method of completing emergency rescue units with emergency vehicles. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 3(100), 54–62. doi: 10.15587/1729-4061.2019.175110
  3. Park,Y., Hwang,J., Bae, C., Kim, K., Lee, J., Pyo, S. (2015). Effects of diesel fuel temperature on fuel flow and spray characteristics. Fuel, 162, 1–7. doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2015.09.008
  4. Jeong-Hwa,L., Hyung-Won,P., Woong-Su, L., Young-Jea, L., Bo-Hee, L., Dal-Hwan, Y. (2014). Low Temperature Fluidity Performance Evaluation of Composited Package Fuel Heater for Diesel Cars. Journal of IKEEE, 18(1), 152–158. doi: 10.7471/ikeee.2014.18.1.152
  5. Mikkonen,S., Kiiski,U., Saikkonen, P., Sorvan, J. (2012). Diesel Vehicle Cold Operability Design of Fuel System Essential Besides Fuel Properties. SAEInt J. Fuels Lubr, 5(3), 977–989. doi: 10 4271/2012-01-1592
  6. Samsudin,A., Galuh,N. B. (2019). Investigation of the effects of preheating temperature of biodiesel-diesel fuel blends on spray characteristics and injection pump performances. Renewable Energy, 140, 274–280. doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.03.062
  7. Sirajudin,M., Husaini,A., Widagdo, T., Mataram, A. (2019). The Effect Of Magnetic Field And Heater In Biodiesel Fuel Line Toward Torque, Power, and Fueld Consumption Of One Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine At Maximum Load. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1198, 1–6. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1198/4/042002
  8. Bisri,H., Wijayanto,D. S., Ranto. (2017). Effect of Biodiesel and Radiator Tube Heater on Fuel Consumption of Compression Ignition Engine. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 288, 1–9. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/288/1/012071
  9. Sandu,V. (2016). Diesel Fuel Heater Using Engine Coolant for Cold Weather Operation. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov. Series I, 9(58), 1–8. http://webbut2.unitbv.ro/BU2016/Series%20I/BULETIN%20I/Sandu_V.pdf
  10. Bo-Hee,L., Byong-Min,S., Xiang, Z., Dal-Hwan, Y. (2014). Data Monitoring System for Activation Analysis Based on Fuel Heater of Diesel Cars. Journal of IKEEE, 18(2), 179–184. doi: 10.7471/ikeee.2014.18.2.179
  11. Diesel internal combustion engine fuel heater: patent 79561, IPC (2013.01) F02N 19/00. № u201212467, application 31.10.2012; published 04/25/2013, Bull. № 8. 4 p.

 

Effectiveness of the method of territorial placement of fire departments of different functional capacity

 

Maksym Kustov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

 

Oleg Fedoryaka

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-5985

 

Ruslan Kornienko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-283Х

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-5

 

Keywords: territorial location, functional capacity, fire departments, optimal traffic route

 

Аnnotation

In order to check the reliability and efficiency of the mathematical model of the spatial placement of fire departments of different functional capacity in local territories with different socio-technological properties, an automated software complex Fire Emergency Department Direction was developed. The software complex allows you to simplify the process of optimizing the territorial placement of fire departments and choosing the optimal route to the fire site. The performed calculations showed that the proposed mathematical model allows to optimize the location of several fire departments relative to potentially dangerous objects in terms of travel time to the place of fire as a determining criterion. The developed software complex based on the mathematical model of the spatial location of fire departments can be used by fire chiefs to automate the management of fire departments and to allocate additional resources. The effectiveness of the developed method of territorial placement of fire departments was verified by comparing the results of calculation of coverage coefficients with the closest method in terms of properties, which was chosen as a prototype and has practical approval. Comparison of calculation results showed that when using the same averaged functional capacity of fire departments in a separate territorial community, the developed method and the prototype give comparable results with an error of about 1 %, while taking into account different functional capacity leads to a refinement of the prototype results by about 15 %. The proposed method of spatial placement of fire departments can be used when checking the compliance of the placement of existing fire departments with the socio-technological properties of the local area, when designing the development of new local areas and arranging citizen assistance centers on the territory of united territorial communities.

 

References

  1. Xia, Z., Li, H., Chen, Y., Yu, W. (2019). Integrating spatial and non-spatial dimensions to measure urban fire service access. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 8, 138–145. doi:10.3390/ijgi8030138
  2. Oh, J. Y., Hessami, A., Yang, H. Y. (2019). Minimizing Response Time with Optimal Fire Station Allocation. Studies in Engineering and Technology, 6(1), 47‑58. doi:10.11114/set.v6i1.4187
  3. Murray, A. T. (2013). Optimizing the spatial location of urban fire stations. Fire safety journal, 62(1), 64–71. doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2013.03.002
  4. Murray, A. T., Tong, D., Kim, K. (2010). Enhancing Classic Coverage Location Models. International regional science review, 33(2), 115–133. doi:10.1177/0160017609340149
  5. Green, L. V., Kolesar, P. J. (2017). Improving emergency responsiveness with management science. Management Science, 50(8), 1001‑1014. doi:10.1287/mnsc.1040.0253
  6. Ko, Y. D., Song, B. D., Morrison, R. J., Hwang ,H. (2014). Location Design For Emergency Medical Centers Based On Category of Treatable Medical Diseases and Center Capability. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 21(3), 117‑128. doi:10.23055/ijietap.2014.21.3.1270
  7. Kwan, M. P., Lee, J. (2005). Emergency response after 9/11: the potential of real time 3D GIS for quick emergency response in micro-spatial environments. Computers, environment and urban systems, 29(2), 93‑113. doi:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2003.08.002
  8. Lai, M. C., Sohn, H. S., Tseng, T. L., Bricker, L. D. (2012). A Hybrid Benders/Genetic Algorithm for Vehicle Routing and Scheduling Problem. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 19(1), 33‑46. doi:10.23055/ijietap.2012.19.1.610
  9. Liu, N., Huang, B., Chandramouli, M. (2006). Optimal siting of fire stations using GIS and ANT algorithm. Journal of computing in civil engineering, 20(5), 361‑369. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2006)20:5(361)
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