Spectral properties of the dynamics of dangerous environmental factors during indoor fires

Boris Pospelov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3839

Evgeniy Rybka

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

Mikhail Samoilov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8924-7944

Ruslan Meleshchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-2030

Yuliia Bezuhla

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-2807

Oleksandr Yashchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-389X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-3

Keywords: ignition of materials, gaseous indoor environment, amplitude instantaneous spectrum, phase instantaneous spectrum

Аnnotation

The spectral density and amplitude and phase spectra of the dynamics of the main dangerous factors of the gas environment during the ignition of test materials in a laboratory chamber were investigated. The object of the study is the spectral properties of the dynamics of dangerous factors of the gas environment during the ignition of materials. The main subject is the spectral density and the direct Fourier transform of discrete measurements of hazardous parameters of the gas environment at fixed intervals before and after the ignition of the material. The direct discrete Fourier transform allows determining the instantaneous amplitude and phase spectra for selected fixed time intervals. This makes it possible to study the peculiarities of instantaneous amplitudes and phases of harmonic components in the spectrum of non-stationary dynamics of dangerous parameters of the gas environment. It was established that the nature of the spectral density and amplitude spectrum is uninformative from the point of view of fire detection. It was established that the main contribution to the density and amplitude spectrum of the dynamics of the investigated hazardous parameters of the gas environment in the chamber is made by frequency components in the range of 0–0,2 Hz. At the same time, the contribution to the spectral density and amplitude spectrum of frequency components above 0,2 Hz decreases significantly with increasing frequency. It was found that the use of the direct Fourier transformation of the measured data and the use of the phase spectrum for the high-frequency components of the dynamics of the hazardous parameters of the gas environment exceeding 0,2 Hz are more informative and sensitive from the point of view of detecting fires. It was established that the nature of the phase spread for the specified frequency components in the phase spectrum depends on the type of ignition material. By the nature of the phase spread of the frequency components, it is possible not only to detect ignition, but also to recognize the type of ignition material.

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Stochastic model of heating the shell of a tank under the thermal effect of a fire

Yuriy Abramov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7901-3768

Oleksii Basmanov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

Volodymyr Oliinik

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-1775

Vitalii Kolokolov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1155-5170

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-1

Keywords: stochastic model, tank fire, fire heat impact, radiant heat transfer, convective heat transfer

Аnnotation

The forecasting of the consequences of emergencies caused by the fire in the vertical steel tank with oil product is considered. It takes into account the random nature of the heat flow from the fire. The model of heating of the tank shell includes radiant heat transfer from fire, to environment, to inter-nal space of the tank; convective heat transfer to ambient air and steam-air mixture in the gas space of the tank. The initial data for the model are probability distribution and its parameters for the stochastic process that describes the fire. The result is the probability distribution and its parameters for stochastic process that describes the temperature of the tank shell. It is assumed stationarity and normality of a sto-chastic process that describes pulsations of the mutual irradiation coefficient. For this case a system of nonlinear first order differential equations is built. It based on the heat balance equation for an arbitrary point on the tank shell and describes the dynamics of changes of mathematical expectation and variance of temperature. The system of equations can be solved using the finite difference method. The obtained results allow specifying the deterministic model by constructing confidence intervals for the tank shell temperature. It is shown when the temperature of the tank shell reaches a critical value rapidly then deterministic and stochastic models will give almost the same result. Conversely, when temperature ap-proaches to the critical value slowly then forecasting time of reaching the critical value will differ sig-nificantly for these types of models. For example, the time to reach a temperature of 300 ºC by 10000 m3 tank is almost 30 minutes for a deterministic model. But the stochastic one shows that this temperature can be reached in 14 minutes.

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Сalculation of fire resistance of fire protected reinforced concrete structures

Andrii Kovalov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-7558

Viktor Poklonskyi

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7801-7118

Yurii Otrosh

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-2888

Vitalii Tоmеnkо

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-9141

Serhii Yurchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-238X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-2

Keywords: fire resistance, reinforced concrete structures, thermal engineering calculation, numerical modeling, fire protection, fire protection coating, ANSYS

Аnnotation

A finite-element model was developed for thermal engineering calculation of a fire-resistant multi-cavity reinforced concrete floor in the ANSYS software complex. With the help of the developed model, a thermal engineering calculation of a fire-resistant reinforced concrete multi-hollow floor slab was carried out, the essence of which was to solve the problem of non-stationary thermal conductivity and was reduced to determining the temperature of the concrete of the reinforced concrete floor at any point of the cross section at a given time (including at the place of installation of the fittings).A comparison of the results of numerical modeling with the results of an experimental study of fire resistance was carried out. An approach is proposed that allows taking into account all types of heat exchange by specifying cavities as a solid body with an equivalent coefficient of thermal conductivity. The model makes it possible to study stationary and non-stationary heating of both unprotected and fire-protected reinforced concrete structures. At the same time, with the help of the developed model, it is possible to take into account various factors affecting fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures: fire temperature regimes, thermophysical characteristics of reinforced concrete structures, coatings for fire protection of reinforced concrete structures. The adequacy of the developed model was tested, as a result of which it was established that the calculated values of temperatures satisfactorily correlate with experimental data. The largest area of deviation in temperature measurement is observed at the 100 th minute of calculation and is about 3 ºС, which is 9 %. The workability of the developed model for evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures and its adequacy to real processes that occur during heating of fire-resistant reinforced concrete structures with the application of a load under the conditions of fire exposure under the standard fire temperature regime have been proven.

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9. Poklonskiy, V., Krukovskiy, P., Novak, S. (2021). Raschet zhelezobetonnoy plity perekrytiya pri vozdeystvii povyshennykh temperatur pozhara. Naukoviy vіsnik: tsivіlniy zakhist ta pozhezhna bezpeka, 2(10), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.33269/nvcz.2020.2.69-82
10. ENV 1993-1-2:2005. Eurocode 3, Design of steel structures, Part 1.2, general rules – Structural fire design.
11. Kovalov, A., Otrosh, Y., Semkiv, O., Konoval, V., Сhernenko, O. (2020). Influence of the fire temperature regime on the fire-retardant ability of reinforced-concrete floors coating. In Materials Science Forum (1006 MSF, 87–92). Trans Tech Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1006.87
12. Kovalov, A. I., Otrosh, Y. A., Kovalevska, T. M., Safronov, S. O. (2019). Methodology for assessment of the fire-resistant quality of reinforced-concrete floors protected by fire-retardant coatings. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 708. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/708/1/012058
13. Kovalov, A., Yurii, O., Surianinov, M., Tatiana, K. (2019). Experimental and computer researches of ferroconcrete floor slabs at high-temperature influences. In Materials Science Forum. 968 MSF, 361–367. Trans Tech Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.968.361

Optimization of the technology of firing tracer from small caliber artillery projectile

Ihor Neklonskyi

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-7146

Oleg Smyrnov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1536-2031

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-25

Keywords: utilization technology, artillery projectiles, tracer compound burning, dynamic programming, optimization

Аnnotation

A technological process for discharging 23 mm or 30 mm artillery shells has been developed, which ensures effective disposal of the tracer compound from the shells. Automation of the disposal process is achieved by using a special plant for burning the tracer compound, which is formed into a technological line. Ignition of a combustible substance is initiated using an electromagnetic pulse. The economic feasibility of the proposed technology is due to minimal labor costs, maximum productivity, appropriate level of safety and environmental friendliness. The task of evaluating the efficiency of the disposal process has been formalized. This made it possible to optimize decisions regarding the management of such a process. The formalized model is an additive problem of dynamic programming. The parameterization of the conditions of the problem comes down to the fact that during the planning of a multi-stage technological operation, it is necessary to choose management at each stage taking into account all consequences at future stages. The proposed procedure for solving the problem of optimizing the process of managing the disposal of artillery shells for a multi-stage technological operation. The solution involves the choice of a rational solution in compliance with the principle of optimality. The solution to the problem of dynamic programming of the process of disposal of artillery shells is given in a general form. Research is due to the need to justify effective organizational decisions regarding the improvement of the technological policy of ammunition disposal. The results of the research can be implemented by the executors of disposal works. They can be used by state supervision bodies in the field of man-made and fire safety to carry out examination of disposal of ammunition and explosives.

References

1. Alternatives for the Demilitarization of Conventional Munitions. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/25140/chapter/1
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