Determination of the parameters of the acoustic device for rescuer equipment

 

Alexander Levterow

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-7146

 

Evgeniy Statyvka

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1536-2031

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-21

 

Keywords: acoustic device, sensor, impedance, reflection coefficient, wrecking, unsatisfactory visual control

 

Аnnotation

As part of the use of the effect of acoustic emission, the article considers the possibility of creating spatial orientation devices for equipping rescuers. The introduction of an acoustic device placed on the rescuer's equipment as an additional element of equipment to increase the efficiency of orientation in an environment unsatisfactory for visual control in order to reduce the time of searching for the victim and the time required for evacuation is substantiated. The introduction of an acoustic device to reduce the number of cases of injury to rescuers during emergency rescue operations indoors and in conditions with unsatisfactory visual control, especially in wartime, is substantiated, which will reduce the time of searching for a victim, protect the rescuer from injuries, and reduce the total time spent searching. -rescue works and works to eliminate emergency situations. The most influential characteristics of the emergency situation due to fire on acoustic waves have been determined. It is proposed to use correction coefficients that take into account the influence of the characteristics of the emergency situation on acoustic waves: angle of incidence, concentration of suspended particles, temperature, wave resistance of the medium when determining the parameters of the obstacle and the distance to it in order to increase the accuracy of the measurements. It is proposed to use: reflection coefficient, wave impedance, temperature of the medium. A dependence is proposed that takes into account the effect on the propagation of acoustic waves when determining the shape of the obstacle. A technical solution and a scheme for placing sensors of the acoustic action device on the rescuer's equipment to determine the shape of the obstacle are proposed. Placing acoustic devices on the rescuer's equipment at knee level to reduce injuries when moving in conditions of unsatisfactory visual control is substantiated.

 

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The temperature regime of a closed-type flare system

 

Sergej Zimin

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-2238

 

Kostiantyn Afanasenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

 

Volodymyr Lypovyi

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0720

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-20

 

Keywords: flare systems, flare stacks, temperature, thermal radiation, steady operation mode

 

Аnnotation

An experimental stand simulating a closed-type flare installation was developed and manufactured in order to study the temperature regime when it enters a stable mode of operation. Data on the distribution of temperatures at the points of the casing of the experimental stand during its start-up and transition to a stable mode were obtained. The stand was developed on the basis of a statistical analysis of accidents at flare installations and an analysis of the fire hazard of flare installations and flare devices, as their parts, of industrial enterprises of chemical, petrochemical, energy complexes, which also include enterprises of the biogas complex, during which it was established that these devices may present a hazard during normal operation. Determination of temperatures at control points was carried out using a GM900 pyrometer and a WT3320 HQ thermal imager. Research was conducted for methane combustion without carbon dioxide admixtures. Temperature control was carried out at 12 points along the perimeter and the height of the casing of the installation at a gas consumption of 11 and 19 l/min. It was established that the installation enters a stable mode of operation in time intervals of 250–300 s from the start of operation. At the same time, there is an increase in the temperature of the casing in height. According to the results of the experiment, a comparison of the average temperature on the outer surface of the casing at points 1–12 at different costs was made. It was established that an increase in gas flow leads to an increase in temperatures in points 5–12 by up to 40 %, and in points 1–4 – to a decrease by 20 % in a steady state. The obtained experimental data can be used as a basis for the development of a mathematical model regarding temperature changes on the casing surface of closed flare systems over time.

 

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Model of tank roof heating under the influence of a fire in an adjacent tank

 

Maksym Maksymenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4815

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-18

 

Аnnotation

The thermal effect of a fire in a tank with an oil product to the similar nearby tank is considered. Model of heating the roof of the tank was built. It takes into account the radiant heat transfer from the fire and to the surrounding environment, the radiant heat transfer from the inner surface to the space inside the tank, the convection heat transfer to the air and to the vapor-air mixture in the inner space of the tank. The feature of the model is taking into account that wind inclines the fire and changes of the convection mode for the outer surface of the tank roof. The inclination of the flame to the adjacent tank under the influence of the wind leads to increasing the mutual radiation coefficient between the flame and the tank roof. In particular, for wind speed of 2 m/s this coefficient increases by 64 % compared to the case without wind. It is shown that for the standard distances between vertical steel tanks with a capacity up to 20,000 m3, in dimensionless coordinates the radiation coefficient depends only on the type of burning liquid. With using the similarity theory methods, an estimation of the convection heat transfer coefficient was obtained for free and forced convection on the outer surface of the tank roof. An estimation for convection heat transfer coefficient with the vapor-air mixture in the gas space of the tank was obtained for the inner surface. To determine the temperature distribution inside the roof of the tank, the heat conduction equation was used. Its boundary conditions describe the heat flow on the outer and inner surfaces of the roof. The finite difference method was used to solve the equation. It is shown that the danger of fire spreading increases with increasing wind speed towards the adjacent tank. If no wind then the roof of the tank reaches a temperature of 250 ºС after 8 min. But for wind speed of 2 m/s this time reduces to 4,3 min.

 

Keywords: fire in a tank, thermal effect of fire, radiant heat exchange, convection heat exchange

 

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luminescent single-layer coating for the external surface of fire pressure hoses

 

Alexander Kudin

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4788-6665

 

Marianna Goroneskul

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-7640

 

Lyubov Andryushchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7866-9896

 

Vitalii Borysenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-8666

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-19

 

Keywords: fluorescent coating, polymer composition, protective coating, fire resistance, fire hoses, operational characteristics

 

Аnnotation

The operational characteristics of fire hoses are considered, such as: mechanical strength, hydrophobicity, resistance to the influence of climatic factors, heat and fire resistance, visibility in the dark, etc., depending on the presence of an external protective coating and its composition. It is namely the influence of the component composition of luminescent coatings on the characteristics of the products that was the object of research. It has been shown that silicone elastomer Sylgard-184 is a promising polymer basis for fluorescent coatings; coumarin-7 is an effective green fluorescent additive that gives the coating the desired yellow color; the introduction of halloysite filler into the composition of the luminescent layer increase significantly the adhesion of coating to substrate. The multi-layer structure of coatings and promising materials for creating fluorescent coatings for fire hoses have been considered. Under certain conditions, the number of protective coating layers can be reduced to one by combining several functions in one layer. The fire resistance of the fabric substrate does not deteriorate after applying a fluorescent coating, the protective properties of the single-layer coating allow to increase the resistance of the fabric to UV light and the negative impact of atmospheric factors, in that way preventing a deterioration of the characteristics of the fabric frame during operation. That the mechanical characteristics of the obtained samples don’t change after climatic tests, which allows predicting an increase in the service life. The proposed composition and method of applying the fluorescent coating is simpler compared to analogues and allows you to reduce the thickness and weight of a single-layer coating, the fabric becomes softer and more comfortable, the frame of fire hoses does not lose flexibility, and the coating is multifunctional.

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Influence of filter respirators on speech reasonability

 

Sergey Cheberiachko

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-4393

 

Yuriy Cheberiachko

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7307-1553

 

Dmitry Radchuk

Dnipro University of Technology

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8034-541X

 

Oleg Deryugin

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-7664

 

Sharovatova Sharovatova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-2189

 

Tatiana Lutsenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4548

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-17

 

Keywords: filter respirator, mobile phone, rate of speech, volume of speech, intelligibility of words

 

Аnnotation

The deterioration of the intelligibility of the words was determined during communication by mobile phone of the speakers in the filter respirator. There were 20 speakers graduates (male and female) aged 18 to 22 years who had participated in the research. They took turns in the room with a mobile phone and a laptop. The random words was appeared on the screen of devices which speakers in a filter respirator, told the listener in another room by a mobile phone located at a certain distance and near the ear. Hearing the word, the listener repeated it on the phone. Additionally, the following were controlled: the volume of the speech – with a noise level meter and the distance of the phone from the speaker – with a ruler. It was found that in the presented models of filter respirator the impact on the speech process is insignificant and ranges from statistical error from 2 % to 11 %. It is depend on the density of filter layers of materials and the degree of adhesion of the filter respirator to the user's face, which can affect facial expressions. Clarified when the volume of speech increases, their intelligibility increases too, but on the level of 70 dB it destabilizes and almost does not change. Studies have testified, when the rate of speech slows down twice, the intelligibility of participant´s language which using filter respirator improves to 5 %. There are some recommendations for improving speech intelligibility during communicating by mobile phone using a filter respirator.

 

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