Features of heat release rate simulation methods in FIRE DYNAMICS SIMULATOR

Stanislav Vinogradov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-5489

Stanislav Shakhov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-2914

Dmytro Saveliev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-0437

Andrii Melnychenko 

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-6926

Oleksandr Polivanov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-1680

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-6

Keywords: fire research, fire safety, heat release rate, Fire Dynamics Simulator, PyroSim

Аnnotation

The peculiarities of the methods of modeling the rate of heat release in the Fire Dynamic Simulator have been revealed. The change in the rate of heat release over time was compared, depending on the modeling method, and methods were practically implemented on the example of a typical room to identify the influence of the rate of heat release on the development of dangerous fire factors. When using the Fire Dynamic Simulator to study hazardous factors in full, it is not clear what value of the heat release rate should be used when studying the dynamics of fire development, which affects the evaluation of the obtained results. Identifying the features of each of the methods will make it possible to use them effectively in order to properly assess the results obtained and further ensure the level of fire safety. As a result of the comparison of the change in the rate of heat release over time, depending on the modeling method, a classification of modeling methods was developed. During the practical implementation of the methods on the example of a typical room, it was found that when the first modeling method is used compared to the second, the temperature rise in the threaded time intervals increases by 1,5–3 times faster, respectively. During the analysis of the loss of visibility, it was found that when using a constant rate of heat release, the reduction of visibility at different time intervals is achieved faster than when the rate of heat release changes over time, respectively, by 1,6–3 times. During the analysis of the decrease in oxygen concentration, it was established that when using the first modeling method, the value of the oxygen concentration in the air decreases 1,2–1,6 times faster at different time intervals compared to the indicators of the second method. Thanks to the identified features of each of the modeling methods, recommendations for their use in FDS have been developed. This makes it possible to effectively apply methods and evaluate the results with subsequent decisions to ensure an adequate level of fire safety.

References

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Operational readiness of an elementary fragment of the departmental digital telecommunication network DSNS.

Andrey Feshchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-6428

Alexander Zakora

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-6838

Evgen Morshch

Department of Emergency Prevention of the SES

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-2332

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-4

Keywords: emergency, digital telecommunications network, reliability, operational availability, probability of failure-free operation

Аnnotation

The research goal of developing a probabilistic model of an elementary fragment of a departmental digital telecommunications network, which takes into account the influence of the redundancy structure and operational parameters of fail-safe and maintainability of its nodes and data transmission channels on its operational readiness coefficient, has been achieved in the work. Expressions of the coefficient of operational readiness of the probabilistic model of an elementary fragment of a digital telecommunication network after failures in emergency conditions were obtained and analyzed, and the relationship between the coefficient of readiness and operational parameters was established. It is indicated that the required coefficient of operational readiness of an elementary fragment of a digital telecommunication network is achieved not only by increasing the reliability of nodes, but also by choosing a redundancy structure and a mode of maintenance of equipment, which have not been determined before, therefore studies are made of the dependence of the coefficient of operational readiness of an elementary fragment of a departmental telecommunications network on standardized operating conditions parameters for structures without redundancy and with redundancy by statistical mathematical modeling. As a result of the research, it was established that in order to achieve the required operational readiness ratio while reducing the requirements for the reliability of the nodes of the elementary fragment of the departmental digital telecommunication network, it is sufficient to apply structurally separate two-fold redundancy of nodes in the presence of triple redundancy of data transmission channels. Research data are useful and important for predicting the operational readiness ratio when designing and planning the required mode of maintenance of nodes and data transmission channels of an elementary fragment of the departmental telecommunications network, depending on the ratio of the period of preventive work to the time spent on failure during operation.

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Improvement of risk-based management of occupational safety and hygiene

Bohdan Tsymbal

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-3428

Olena Sharovatova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-2189

Artem Petryshchev

National University "Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic"

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-1723

Alexandr Malko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4868-7887

Sergey Artemev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-2856

Oleg Bogatov

Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-7556

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-5

Keywords: risk-oriented management, occupational safety and hygiene, occupational risk assessment methodology, occupational risk management, methodology testing

Аnnotation

The importance of improving a risk-oriented approach is considered, as such an approach allows to ensure a high level of safety and hygiene at the workplace, reduce the risk of negative consequences for employees and prevent material losses for the enterprise. The features of the main stages of risk-oriented management of occupational safety and health, such as identification, assessment and management of occupational risks, are analyzed. It was established that the most problematic stage is the assessment of professional risks. The analysis of methods for determining the level of risk and assessing the effectiveness of risk management measures showed that these methods are general and are not adapted to the specifics of various sectors of the economy. Simplified methods take into account only two components: the probability of exposure of the hazard to the worker and the damage or consequences. Three-component methods also take into account the frequency (tendency) characteristic of danger. At the same time, three-component methods do not have a matrix for assessing occupational risk. The vast majority of such methods do not provide an assessment of the residual risk, which shows the effectiveness of measures to reduce the level of occupational risk and the need for the implementation of corrective measures. At the same time, the hierarchy of control measures and the time limit for the implementation of preventive and protective measures are not taken into account. To eliminate these shortcomings, a three-component 3-D method of occupational risk assessment has been developed, which contains a volume matrix and allows to assess the residual risk. The obtained results of the implementation of the proposed methodology can be used in practice to improve safety and occupational hygiene at machine-building enterprises. The results of the study make it possible to reduce the number of accidents at the workplace and ensure an increase in the efficiency of occupational safety and health management.

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Мathematical model of the magnetic-contact thermal fire detector

Viacheslav Durieiev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-6779

Valerii Khrystych

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-7042

Serhij Bondarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-1763

Murat Maliarov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-7128

Ruslan Kornienko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-283X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-3

Keywords: fire detector, mathematical model, magnetic contacts, inertia, activation time, activation temperature

Аnnotation

A mathematical model of a fireman’s thermal magnetic contact detector was developed, taking into account the type and structure of the material of the sensitive element. Dependencies for the calculation of the dynamic parameters of the fire detector were determined and parametric studies of the tripping parameters were carried out. The analysis of the literature on the modeling of fire detectors proved the need to create a mathematical model of a thermal magnetic contact detector in order to obtain its dynamic parameters and improve technical data. The model represents a system of differential equations describing the dependence of the magnetization of contacts of various structures in the sensitive element of the magnetic contact heat detector of the firefighter on the temperature during non-stationary convective heating. The solution of mathematical models is the equation of detector dynamics in relative variables, taking into account the contact structure of the sensitive element: single-domain ferromagnet, superparamagnetic particles in weak and strong magnetic fields, superparamagnetic particles with comprehensive consideration of magnetization from the external magnetic field and temperature. The obtained dynamics equations represent a standard inertial dynamic link and are convenient for researching the operation and determining the dynamic parameters of magnetic contact heat detectors for firefighters. The obtained equations allow conducting research and determining the dynamic parameters of the detectors, taking into account the structure of the material of the magnetic contact sensitive element and the rate of temperature change. Comparison of the obtained results with experimental data shows differences of no more than 5 %. The developed mathematical model and the obtained dynamic equations make it possible to make recommendations regarding the selection of technical data of magnetic contact detectors and ways to improve their dynamic parameters.

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