Study of the influence of crystal hydrates on the fire extinguishing properties of binary layers of porous materials

Viktoriya Makarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-1159

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-12

Keywords: flammable liquids, binary fireextinguishing system, perlite, vermiculite, foamglass, crystalhydrates

Аnnotation

The effect of crystal hydrates on the extinguishing of flammable liquids using binary layers of light porous materials was studied. Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O was selected as a crystal hydrate that exhibits high cooling capacity, great phlegmatizing effect, acceptable melting temperatures and contains combustion inhibitor ions. Three ways of introducing sodium hydrogen phosphate into the composition of the fire-extinguishing system are proposed: pouring Na₂HPO₄·12H₂O crystalline hydrate in a powdery state on the top layer of a binary fire-extinguishing system based on loose materials; introduction of sodium hydrogen phosphate by impregnation of loose material with its saturated aqueous solution; introduction of Na₂HPO₄·12H₂Ointo the fire extinguishing system by covering the loose material with a thin layer of crystalline sodium hydrogen phosphate. Crushed foam glass is used as the bottom layer, which ensures the buoyancy of the system. The use of expanded perlite with a granule size of 1,2±0,2 mm and plate vermiculite with a plate size of 1×2 and 2×5 mm is justified as the top layer with increased insulating properties. On the basis of experimental studies of the influence of sodium hydrogen phosphate on the fire-extinguishing characteristics of binary layers of light porous materials, it was established that the best results were shown by perlite (0,35 cm) soaked in a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen phosphate and vermiculites soaked in the same solution (0,3 cm and 0,5 cm, respectively). Visual observation of the upper layers of the loose material after the quenching process does not indicate significant filling of the cavities between the granules in the loose material with crystal hydrate. This allows us to conclude that the introduction of crystal hydrate into a two-layer fire extinguishing system does not lead to a significant increase in the insulating properties of such systems. Based on this, it was concluded that the introduction of sodium hydrogen phosphate into the composition of the fire extinguishing system leads to a significant inhibition of the process of burning gasoline.

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