Оptimization of the method of assessing the efficiencyof reactive fire protection coatings

Hryhorenko Oleksandr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-1010

Saienko Natalia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5316

Zolkina Yevheniia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-2546

Lypovyi Volodymyr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0720

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-9

Keywords: effectiveness of fire protection, method, reactive coating, testing, metal fire protection, building constructions

Аnnotation

 A critical analysis of methods for assessing the fire-resistant effectiveness of reactive fire-resistant coatings was carried out. It was established that during research aimed at the development of new formulations of flame retardant compounds, it is expedient to use simplified test methods, which would make it possible to significantly simplify the experiment and reduce the time for processing its results. A method of comparative assessment of fire protection efficiency using an electric oven with an isolated test chamber for heat accumulation as a source of thermal radiation, which allows obtaining a temperature on the reverse side of a metal plate above 950 °C, is proposed. As a criterion of fire protection efficiency, it is proposed to use a comparison of the time of reaching the critical temperature (500 °С) on the outside of metal plates protected by fire protection coatings. The effectiveness of fire protection of a metal plate according to the proposed method was investigated for three samples of reactive type fire retardants: a coating based on epoxy oligomer, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and intercalated graphite, a coating based on styrene-acrylic industrial production and a known coating based on epoxy oligomer filled with ammonium monophosphate and intercalated graphite. It was established that the effectiveness of metal fire protection with a coating based on epoxy oligomer, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and intercalated graphite, estimated by comparing the heating time of the metal plate, is 1.3 times higher than the known analog based on epoxy and 1.6 times higher than reactive fire-resistant coating on a styrene-acrylic basis of industrial production, tested under the same conditions. The application of the proposed optimized method allows to provide a comparative assessment of the efficiency of coatings, using as a criterion the time to reach the critical temperature (500 °C) on the reverse side of the metal plate.

References

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Simulation of the work of the magnetic contact thermal fire alarm

Durieiev Viacheslav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-6779

Khrystych Valerii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-7042

Bondarenko Serhiy

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-1763

Maliarov Murat

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-7128

Prokofiev Mykhailo

Donetsk National University named after Vasyl Stus

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9388-3735

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-7

Keywords: fire detector, sensitive element, mathematical model, inertia, activation time, activation temperature

Аnnotation

A mathematical model of the magnetic contact thermal detector was developed, taking into account the dependence of the magnetic properties of the contacts of the sensitive element on the structure and type of its contacts. Equations for determining the dynamic parameters of the detector were obtained, and a parametric study of the triggering characteristics was performed. An analysis of sources was carried out, which made it possible to develop mathematical models of detectors with detailed consideration of the typical structure of the material of sensitive elements in order to obtain the dynamic parameters of the detector and determine the optimal parameters of its activation. The model of the detector is a set of equations that determine the conditions of heat exchange with the environment and take into account the dependence of the magnetic properties of the contacts of the sensitive element of a typical structure when the temperature of the environment changes during non-stationary heat exchange. The result of modeling the detector’s operation is dynamic equations in relative variables and dynamic parameters of the detector’s operation, which allow determining the parameters of the detector’s operation, taking into account the typical contact structure of the sensitive element. The dynamics equations represent a classical positional link of the first order and are convenient for carrying out studies of detector operation, calculations of dynamic parameters and parametric calculations of actuation parameters. Dynamic equations have been developed to determine and study the dynamic parameters of the magnetic contact detector. The type and structure of the contact material of the sensitive element of the detector is taken into account. The results of comparative calculations deviate from the experimental data by up to 5 %. The performed simulation of the detector and the obtained dynamics equations allow us to provide practical recommendations for the selection of technical parameters for promising models of magnetic contact detectors.

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Іmprovement of the undercar extinguishing trolley with a gel-forming composition sprayer

Ostapov Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-741X

Senchykhyn Iurii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2747

Avetisуan Vadim

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-2794

Kirichenko Igor

Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-8275

Tarasenko Oleksandr

Karazin Banking Institute

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-3845

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-8

Keywords: gel-forming composition, fire-extinguishing powder, subway, subway cars, undercarriage extinguishing trolley

Аnnotation

Together with the general improvement of the undercarriage fire extinguishing trolley at metro stations, a universal mixer-sprayer of the gel-forming composition is proposed. Solutions have been worked out on laboratory equipment, which ensure an increase in the efficiency of fire extinguishing, and ultimately simplify the conditions for conducting rescue operations at subway stations. The project of improving the cart with a mixer-sprayer of gel-forming compositions is proposed. The improved trolley makes it easier to carry out rescue operations and increases the efficiency of extinguishing. The gel-forming fire-extinguishing substance itself covers the burning elements of the undercarriage equipment without excessive loss of mass. As a result of research: the tactical and technical advantages of undercarriage fire extinguishing in the subway with gel-forming systems using a universal mixer-sprayer, which is an integral part of an improved narrow-gauge trolley, have been proven. Rational solutions are proposed that shorten the time of extinguishing fires at stations and reduce the consumption of extinguishing agents by 10–20 % compared to other previously proposed fire extinguishing devices under cars at metro stations. Simulation studies of the tactical and technical qualities of the improved cart with a universal mixer-sprayer of gel-forming composition of the «Segner wheel» type were carried out. The cart is capable of extinguishing likely complex fires under cars at subway stations. In addition, in all cases of under-car fire extinguishing at subway stations, it is expected to improve the conditions of emergency rescue operations when evacuating people from the station premises and from the cars involved in the fire.

References

1. Wei, Z., Xi, Z., Zhuo-fu, W. (2016). Experiment study of performances of fire detection and fire extinguishing systems in a subway train. Procedia Engineering, 135, 393–402. doi: 1016/j.proeng.2016.01.147
2. Saveliev, D., Khrystych, O., Kirieiev, O. (2018). Binary fire-extinguishing systems with separate application as the most relevant systems of forest fire suppression. European journal of technical and natural science, 1, 31–36. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7121
3. Ostapov, K., Senchihin, Yu., Syrovoy, V. (2017). Development of the installation for the binary feed of gelling formulations to extinguishing facilities. Science and education a new dimension. Natural and technical sciences, 132, 75–77. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3891
4. Dale, L. (2018). Ambulatory surgery center safety guidebook. Managing code requirements for fire and life safety, 15, 23–26. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-849889-7.00005-4
5. Ostapov, K. et al. (2021). Improving the installation of fire gasing with gelelating compounds. Problems of emergency situations, 33, 4–14. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14116
6. Zhanga, L., Wua, X., Liub, M., Liuc, W., Ashuri, B. (2019). Discovering worst fire scenarios in subway stations: A simulation approach. Automation in construction, 99, 183–196. doi: 10.1016/j.autcon.2018.12.007
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   proeng.2016.11.908
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13. Ostapov, K. M., Senchykhin, Yu. M., Avetisyan, V. H., Haponenko, Yu. I., Kyrychenko, I. K. (2023). Pidvyshchennya efektyvnosti hasinnya pozhezh u pidvahonomu prostori metro heleutvoryuyuchymy skladamy. Problemy nadzvychaynykh sytuatsiy, 2(38), 267–280. Available at: http://pes.nuczu.edu.ua/
    images/arhiv/38/18.pdf
14. Ostapov, K., Kirichenko, I., Senchykhyn, Y. (2019). Improvement of the installation with an extended barrel of cranked type used for fire extinguishing by gel-forming compositions. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 4(10(100)), 30–36. doi: 10.15587/1729-4061.2019.174592
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Еlectrodynamic model of the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with the surface of explosive material

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

Kulakov Oleg

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

Karpov Artem

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9895-1574

Basmanov Oleksii

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

Mykhailovska Yuliia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-6

Keywords: dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent, electrodynamic model, electromagnetic wave, explosive object, explosive material

Аnnotation

An electrodynamic model of the interaction of a microwave electromagnetic wave randomly falling on the surface of an explosive substance as a simple unencased explosive object is constructed. The model was created by solving Maxwell’s equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The model allows for a numerical assessment of the ability of explosives to reflect and localise the energy of electromagnetic waves. The determining parameters for this are the angle of falling of the electromagnetic wave and the parameters of the explosive substance. The application of the model makes it possible to calculate the reflection and refraction coefficients of the electromagnetic field power. It has been shown that for real explosives with small dielectric loss angles, this parameter does not significantly affect the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with the surface of an explosive. The most suitable for remote detection by irradiation with an electromagnetic wave are explosives with a high value of relative permittivity. For explosive substances with a low value of the relative permittivity, a significant amount of electromagnetic energy is refracted through the surface of the explosive substance and this energy can be absorbed by the explosive substance. The degree of absorption is determined by the value of the dielectric loss tangent – the greater the dielectric loss tangent, the more energy must be absorbed. For such explosives, it is possible to detonate them remotely by irradiating them with an electromagnetic wave. Explosive substances with intermediate values of relative permittivity have medium possibilities for remote detection and remote detonation by electromagnetic wave irradiation. Thus, the developed model makes it possible to evaluate the possibility of remote detection and deactivation of explosive objects by irradiating them with an electromagnetic wave.

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