Experimental verification of the electromagnetic method of detecting explosive objects.

 

Karpov Artem

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9895-1574

 

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

 

Korniienko Ruslan

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-283X

 

Ivanenko Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0006-8566-0084

 

Sharipova Dariya

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9926-6041

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-41-3

 

Keywords: explosive ordnance, humanitarian demining, electromagnetic radiation, radar map

 

 

Аnnotation

 

          A detailed functional diagram of an electromagnetic explosive detector based on a high-performance digital processor of the Blackfin type has been developed. The hardware part of this detector includes a radiating antenna that generates electromagnetic waves and a receiving antenna that registers the reflected signal. It also includes a signal amplification unit, an automatic gain control system that ensures signal stability under changing environmental conditions, digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters for processing signals in digital form, and a timing unit that synchronizes all hardware components. This architecture allows for efficient data collection and processing at high transmission speeds and ensures prompt clock updates for the converters. On the basis of the developed prototype detector, a comprehensive experimental test was carried out to confirm the adequacy of the previously created theoretical models described in previous studies. The experiments showed that the electromagnetic properties of the environment, in particular the level of soil watering, as well as the geometric parameters of the explosive object and its design features, significantly affect the detection results. Analysis of radar images obtained during testing of the detector on samples of PMN-2, PFM-1 and TM-62 mines confirmed the effectiveness of the developed approach. In particular, the detector demonstrates the ability to detect a TM-62 mine at depths of up to 50 cm, and for anti-personnel mines (PMN-2 and PFM-1) the effective detection depth is up to 20 cm. These indicators fully meet the tactical requirements for detecting anti-personnel and anti-tank mines. To further improve the recognition accuracy and signal resolution, it is proposed to use modern mathematical models and methods of data flow processing.

 

References

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  3. Frank, J. W. P., Anthony, J. P., David, W. A. (2015). GPR combined with a positioning system to detect anti-personnel landmines. 8th International Workshop on Advanced Ground Penetrating Radar (IWAGPR), 1–4. doi: 10.1109/IWAGPR.2015. 7292660
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Modeling of heat flow from burning oil tanks.

 

Basmanov Oleksii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

 

Karpova Daryna

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-3630

 

Morshch Evgen

State Research Institute of Cybersecurity and

Information Protection Technologies

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-2332

 

Harbuz Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-6214

 

Benediuk Vadim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5109-5295

 

Zazymko Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-0248

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-41-2

 

Keywords: fire of flammable liquid, radiating surface of the flame, thermal radiation flux

 

Аnnotation

 

A model was developed to determine the density of heat flux by radiation from a fire in a vertical steel tank with an oil product. The model takes into account the deformation of the flame under the in fluence of wind: the tilt of the flame axis and the expansion of its base to leeward. The proposed ap proach is based on the known empirical dependencies of the flame length and the angle of its deviation from the vertical axis depending on wind speed, specific mass burn rate of the liquid, and tank diameter. These dependencies are used to determine the flame length at an arbitrary point on the flame base. This makes it possible to construct the equation of the radiating surface of the flame in a parametric form. The resulting surface has a conical shape with an elliptical base extended beyond the tank from the lee ward side. The relative expansion of the flame base outside the tank increases with the wind speed and decreases with the diameter of the tank. An algorithm for calculating the heat flux density by radiation from a flame to an arbitrary site given by spatial coordinates and a normal vector has been developed. The algorithm uses the coverage of the flame base with a regular grid, followed by the application of numerical differentiation methods to determine the normal vector to the radiating surface of the flame and numerical integration methods to estimate the view factor between the flame and the site heated by the fire. It is shown that the expansion of the tank base leads to a significant increase in the heat flux density on the leeward side of the tank. The results obtained can be used to determine the consequences of the thermal impact of the fire on neighboring oil tanks and other process equipment, as well as to determine the safe location zones for equipment and personnel involved in localizing and eliminating the fire.

 

References

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  4. Analytical report on fires and their consequences in Ukraine for 2 months of 2024. Available at: https://idundcz.dsns.gov.ua/upload/2/0/6/1/9/6/1/analitychna dovidka-pro-pojeji-022024.pdf
  5. Hulida, E. M., Kozak, Y. Y. (2020). Ensuring fire safety in oil and oil products storage tank parks. Bulletin of the Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 6, 69. doi: 10.30838/J.BPSACEA.2312.241120.69.700
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  7. Dominik, A. M., Nahirniak, Yu. M., Freyuk, D. V. (2024). Analysis of studies of the negative impact of thermal flow from the fire source on surrounding objects. Fire Safety, 45, 39–45. doi: 10.32447/20786662.45.2024.05
  8. Babadjanova, O. F. (2019). Analysis of the development of accidents at the oil depot. In Theory and practice of firefighting and emergency situation liquidation: Mate rials of the 10th International Scientific and Practical Conference, 173–174. Available at: https://sci.ldubgd.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/6503/1/3.pdf
  9. Boichenko, S. V., Kalmykova, N. G. (2020). Causal relationship between hy drocarbon emissions and gasoline losses in horizontal tanks. Science-Intensive Tech nologies, 2, 218–235. doi: 10.18372/2310-5461.46.14810
  10. Serikova, O. M. (2023). Improving the level of environmental safety in areas adjacent to liquid hydrocarbon storage tanks. Technogenic and Environmental Safety, 14(2), 50–57. doi: 10.52363/2522-1892.2023.2.6
  11. Khatkova, L., Dagil, V., Dagil, I. (2022). Quantitative risk assessment of fire occurrence in oil and oil product tanks due to the spontaneous ignition of pyrophoric deposits. Emergencies: Prevention and Elimination, 6(2), 101–108. doi: 10.31731/2524.2636.2022.6.2.101-107
  12. Savinovska, V. I., Fedolyak, N. V., Lialyuk-Viter, H. D. (2024). On the issue of ensuring fire safety of high-risk objects in wartime conditions. In Proceedings of the V International Scientific and Practical Internet Conference, 197–200.
  13. Liu, C., Ding, L., Jangi, M., Ji, J., Yu, L., Wan, H. (2020). Experimental study of the effect of ullage height on flame characteristics of pool fires. Combustion and Flame, 216, 245–255. doi: 10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.03.009
  14. Xu, L., Lu, Y., Ding, C., Guo, H., Liu, J., Zhao, Y. (2022). A generic flame shape model and analytical models for geometric view factor calculation on the fire ex posure surface. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 173, 107392. doi: 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107392
  15. Fleury, R. (2011). Evaluation of Thermal Radiation Models for Fire Spread Between Objects. Proceedings, Fire and Evacuation Modeling Technical Conference. doi: 10.26021/1472
  16. Sasaki, K. (2024). View factor of a spheroid and an ellipse from a plate ele ment. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, 326, 109102. doi: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2024.109102
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Аcoustic monitoring of sources of emergency situations related to the device of firearms

 

Tiutiunyk Vadym

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-6367

 

Levterov Alexander

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-7146

 

Tiutiunyk Olga

Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3330-8920

 

Usachov Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1140-9798

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-19

 

Keywords: monitoring, identification, acoustic signal, signal filtration, spectral analysis, amplitude-frequency characteristic

 

 

Аnnotation

The method of identifying the facts of the use of various types of firearms has been improved based on the use of the average characteristic of the acoustic spectrum of a shot, by determining the characteristic frequencies with maximum amplitude values, which consists in determining the characteristic frequencies under conditions of exceeding the threshold level of amplitudes of the harmonics of the received signal, determining the energy of such a spectrum, and subtracting the energy of the reference spectrum from the energies of the experimentally obtained spectra of shots. The use of the improved method for studying the characteristics of the acoustic spectra of shots from a Makarov pistol of 9 mm caliber, a traumatic pistol "Fort-14R" and an AK-74 assault rifle of 5.45 mm caliber made it possible to identify the type of firearms by the received acoustic signal with a probability of 0.95. Based on the research results, a functional diagram of the hardware implementation of the improved method for identifying the facts of using various types of firearms by the spectral properties of the received acoustic signal has been developed. The circuit implements a median filter, bandpass filters, a block of characteristic frequencies of shots, an encoding block, a decoder block and a block of logical elements "Conjunction". The identification process consists of analyzing an 18-bit code in 6 groups of 3 digits, at the output of the processing results there is a corresponding combination of signals that determines the belonging to a certain type of weapon and / or its presence in the database of known samples. Based on the hardware implementation circuit of the improved method for identifying the facts of the use of various types of firearms by the spectral properties of the received acoustic signal, the features of the development and operation of a geographic information system for acoustic monitoring of terrorist emergencies and automated identification of facts of use in an urban area are established.

 

References

 

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Improving the safety level of robots and manipulators

 

Tsymbal Bohdan

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2317-3428

 

Rybka Evgeniy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

 

Svirzhevskyi Petro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2463-5841

 

Rybalova Olga

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-4780

 

Petryshchev Artem

National University «Zaporizhzhya Polytechnic»

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2631-1723

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-41-1

 

Keywords: occupational risks, occupational safety, cobots, robots, manipulators, artificial intelligence

 

Аnnotation

 

The research focuses on developing a methodology to improve the safety of robots and manipulators in industrial environments. Robotic systems effectively perform complex and dangerous tasks, but at the same time create new risks for workers, which requires systematic assessment and management. An analysis of the main factors affecting the safety of robotic systems was conducted, in particular mechanical, ergonomic, thermal and electrical hazards. Based on this, a universal methodology for assessing occupational risks was developed, which takes into account the severity of possible injuries, the probability of their occurrence, personnel qualifications, the speed of danger onset and the level of awareness of workers. The methodology includes developed checklists, risk assessment matrices and questionnaires for identifying hazardous factors and determining the level of risks. To verify its effectiveness, a test was conducted at a machine-building enterprise, where the risks for employees working with the Absolute Arm 7-Axis measuring arm, the GLOBAL S GREEN 05.07.05 coordinate measuring machine and the ABB IRB 1400 M94A welding robot were assessed. It was found that the most dangerous workplace is the workplace of the ABB IRB 1400 M94A welding robot operator, because he is faced with mechanical, thermal, electrical, ergonomic, combined hazards and radiation hazards, the most important is the risk when the operator contacts live parts or connections, which is 51 (significant). The results showed the key risks at the workplaces, as well as the effectiveness of the developed measures to minimize them. Personnel training, restriction of access to hazardous areas and the use of personal protective equipment were introduced. The methodology can be applied to identify risks and implement safety measures at enterprises in various industries.

 

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Behavior patterns of reinforced concrete structures of modular shelters in explosion conditions

 

Tolok Igor

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-9608

 

Rybka Evgeniy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

 

Pozdieiev Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-0513

 

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

 

Novhorodchenko Alina

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-093X

 

Plisko Yuliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9526-1119

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-18

 

Keywords: modular shelter, reinforced concrete structures, stress-strain state, mathematical modeling, impact of explosions

 

Аnnotation

The results of mathematical modeling of the impact of the explosion and the resulting stress-strain state in reinforced concrete structures of a modular shelter are presented. The compliance of the shelters with the safety conditions required by the current standards of Ukraine is also established. For this purpose, the behavior of the enclosing structures of ground modular shelters under the effects of explosions and the action of penetrating ionizing radiation was investigated, which guarantees the safety of people inside the shelters and their protection from the effects of air strikes. The scientific study obtained results that allow investigating the mechanisms of destruction or loss of integrity of shelter structures and establishing the relationship between these aspects and ensuring the performance of its protective functions under the effects of an explosion during enemy shelling. The results of the study were obtained through the development of a new approach to calculations based on the use of the warhead of the corresponding projectile in TNT equivalent, the explosion distance and the position of the point where the explosion occurs. The corresponding calculations were used in the LS-DYNA software package, where the behavior of reinforced concrete shelter structures under load conditions was mathematically described, and mathematical relations of strength and plasticity theories were also used. And the pressure determined by these parameters can be used to study its impact on structures. The results of mathematical modeling of the behavior of protective shelters under explosion conditions were obtained, which allow us to investigate the mechanisms of destruction or loss of integrity of shelter structures and establish the relationship of these aspects with ensuring the performance of its protective functions under the influence of an explosion. The implementation of the research results is the presentation of technical proposals for modular shelters to protect the population from damage caused by combat operations.

 

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