Тhe heat transfer coefficient of the torch installation under the conditions of free convection

Zimin Sergej

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0514-2238

Afanasenko Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-11

Keywords: torch systems, torch pipes, temperature, thermal radiation, heat transfer coefficient

Аnnotation

A model is proposed for the study of temperature regimes of flare devices of biogas complexes based on the equation of non-stationary thermal conductivity. Despite the generally extremely complex phenomenon of heat exchange, heat transfer, and heat transfer, during the operation of the flare device such conditions exist that allow relying on relatively simple model descriptions, which can allow an assessment of the degree of danger of thermal radiation during its operation. The calculation scheme of the shielding pipe of the flare device with the calculation parameters was built and considered. Boundary conditions of the first kind on the inner and of the third kind on the outer surface of the casing wall of the flare device pipe are adopted. To build the model, the following assumptions were made: the temperature on the inner wall of the casing is the same and equal to the temperature of the biogas combustion products; the calculation scheme does not take into account thermal conductivity through the production armature of the flare device; in the process of heating, the geometric parameters of the casing wall do not change. It was determined that the heat transfer coefficient when using a flare device for burning biogas can be determined from the expression for determining the criterion of similarity of thermal processes. When calculating the criterion of similarity of thermal processes according to the obtained model, it was found that depending on the temperature of the external environment, its values can vary by 10–24 %. At the same time, the geometric parameters of the flare device have a more significant influence on the specified criteria – up to 65 %. The obtained analytical dependences of the heat transfer coefficient α on the characteristic geometric size, as well as on the air temperature and the temperature of the casing surface, which allows determining the negative thermal impact on the surrounding environment. It is shown that its value can vary up to 1000 % depending on the linear size and temperature of the casing surface.

References

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3. Zimin, S., Afanasenko, K., Lypovyi, V. (2022). The temperature regime of a closed-type flare system. Problems of Emergency Situations: Scientific Journal, 2(36), 267–279. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-20
4. Afanasenko, K., Lypovyi, V., Zimin, S. (2021). Manufacturing entities flare systems fire hazard analysis. Inzynieria Bezpieczenstwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, (1), 9–14. doi: 10.37105/iboa.102
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Оptimization of the method of assessing the efficiencyof reactive fire protection coatings

Hryhorenko Oleksandr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-1010

Saienko Natalia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5316

Zolkina Yevheniia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2562-2546

Lypovyi Volodymyr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1967-0720

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-9

Keywords: effectiveness of fire protection, method, reactive coating, testing, metal fire protection, building constructions

Аnnotation

 A critical analysis of methods for assessing the fire-resistant effectiveness of reactive fire-resistant coatings was carried out. It was established that during research aimed at the development of new formulations of flame retardant compounds, it is expedient to use simplified test methods, which would make it possible to significantly simplify the experiment and reduce the time for processing its results. A method of comparative assessment of fire protection efficiency using an electric oven with an isolated test chamber for heat accumulation as a source of thermal radiation, which allows obtaining a temperature on the reverse side of a metal plate above 950 °C, is proposed. As a criterion of fire protection efficiency, it is proposed to use a comparison of the time of reaching the critical temperature (500 °С) on the outside of metal plates protected by fire protection coatings. The effectiveness of fire protection of a metal plate according to the proposed method was investigated for three samples of reactive type fire retardants: a coating based on epoxy oligomer, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide and intercalated graphite, a coating based on styrene-acrylic industrial production and a known coating based on epoxy oligomer filled with ammonium monophosphate and intercalated graphite. It was established that the effectiveness of metal fire protection with a coating based on epoxy oligomer, ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hydroxide, and intercalated graphite, estimated by comparing the heating time of the metal plate, is 1.3 times higher than the known analog based on epoxy and 1.6 times higher than reactive fire-resistant coating on a styrene-acrylic basis of industrial production, tested under the same conditions. The application of the proposed optimized method allows to provide a comparative assessment of the efficiency of coatings, using as a criterion the time to reach the critical temperature (500 °C) on the reverse side of the metal plate.

References

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11. Hryhorenko, O., Zolkina, Y., Saienko, N. V., Popov, Y. V. (2021). Investigation of the Effect of Fillers on the Properties of the Expanded Coke Layer of Epoxyamine Compositions. In Materials Science Forum, 1038, 539–546. Trans Tech Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.539
12. Jakovleva, R. A., Fomin, S. L., Safonov, N. A., Bezuglyj, A. M. (2008). Novye ognezasitnye pokrytia po metallu i identifikacia ih teplofiziceskih svojstv. Naukovij visnik budivnictva, 48, 250–268.

Іncreasing the level of people’s safety during an air alarm

Shakhov Stanislav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-1696

Vinogradov Stanislav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-5489

Melnychenko Andrii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-6926

Saveliev Dmytro

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-0437

Semkiv Valeria

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-4754

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-10

Keywords: evacuation, shelter, civil defense facilities, air alarm, PathFinder, PyroSim

Аnnotation

The object of the study is the duration of evacuation in the event of an air alarm to shelter on the example of an object with a mass presence of people located in the front-line region. Despite a significant number of studies devoted to evacuation, the majority of them were considered in the event of fires. In accordance with this, recommendations were given to increase the efficiency of evacuation using various methods. However, the issue of the duration of people's movement to shelter during a missile threat following an air warning signal has not yet been considered. A 3-D model of the building located in the front-line region was developed in accordance with spatial planning decisions. The sources of open information on the number of shelling in the region where the object is located were analyzed. As of the end of 2023, 47 cases were registered. The average time of approach of missiles to the city where the object is located is 30–40 seconds. According to this, the criteria for the safe time required to reach the shelter are established. When people are placed on the 1st-6th floors, the duration of evacuation to the shelter is 92,8 s, at a speed of movement of 1.66 m/s. In this case, only 33 %, namely 40 people manage to reach the shelter in 40 seconds. The remaining 67 %, namely 81 people, need another 52,8 seconds to reach a safe moon in case of a missile threat during an air alert. Places of placement of people in the premises of the object with a mass stay of people were optimized and recommendations were given regarding the speed of movement to the shelter. Proper provision of timely evacuation depends on the speed of movement and the location of people on the floors of the building. For this object, the optimal solution, which ensures the preservation of the lives of 95 % of people from the total number, is an immediate response to an alarm signal, a ban on placing people higher than 1 floor, and movement at a speed of at least 8 km/h.

References

1. Hui, Z., Hao-cheng. L. (2021). Simulation of Evacuation in Crowded PlacesBased on BIM and Pathfinder. J. Phys. Conf. Ser, 1880 012010, 1–10. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1880/1/012010
2. Jiuju, L., Shuhan, L. (2023). Pathfinder-Based Simulation and Optimization of Evacuation of Large Commercial Complexes. Journal of Building Constructionand Planning Research, 11(2), 27–35. doi: 10.4236/jbcpr.2023.112002
3. Hui, Z. (2022). Evacuation Simulation of Large Theater Based on Pyrosim and Pathfinder. J. Phys. Conf. Ser, 2289, 012017, 1–8. doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2289/1/012017
4. Xinfeng, L., Xueqin, Z., Bo, L. (2017). Numerical simulation of dormitory building fire and personnel escape based on Pyrosim and Pathfinder, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 40(3), 257–266. doi: 10.1080/02533839.2017.1300072
5. Ming-xin, L., Shun-bing, Z., Jing-hong, W., Zheng, Z. (2018). Research on Fire Safety Evacuation in a University Library in Nanjing. Procedia Engineering, 211, 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.12.025
6. Mufeng, X., Xihua, Z., Xinxin, P., Yanan, W. (2022). Simulation of emergency evacuation from construction site of prefabricated buildings. Scientifc Reports, 12:2732, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-06211-w
7. Liu, Q., Zhao, D., Yang, H. (2020). Research on emergency evacuation of workshop based on PyroSim and Pathfinder. Fire Science and Technology, 39 (7), 927-930. https://www.xfkj.com.cn/EN/Y2020/V39/I7/927
8. Heng, H., Zhang, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, Z. (2022). Evacuation in Buildings Basedon BIM: Taking a Fire in a University Library as an Example. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(3), 23–32. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192316254
9. Khlevnoy, O., Kharyshyn, D., Nazarovets, O. (2020). Problem issues of evacuation time calculation during firesin preschool and secondary education institutions with inclusive groups. Fire Safety, 37, 72–76. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32447/20786662.37.2020.11
10. Maiboroda, Р., Otrosh, Ю., Rashkevich, Н., Melezhyk, Р. (2023). Assessment of the fire resistance of buildings from fireproof reinforced concrete building structures. Municipal economy of cities. 4, 178, 219–231. doi: https://doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-219-231
11. DSTU 8828:2019. Fire safety. General principles. Access mode: https://zakon.isu.net.ua/sites/default/files/normdocs/dstu_8828_2019.pdf
12. Perelik nazemnykh udariv z S-300/S-400 pid chas rosiiskoho vtorhnennia. Rezhym elektronnoho dostupu: https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perelik nazemnykh udariv z S-300/S-400 pid chas rosiiskoho vtorhnennia

Іmprovement of the undercar extinguishing trolley with a gel-forming composition sprayer

Ostapov Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-741X

Senchykhyn Iurii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2747

Avetisуan Vadim

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-2794

Kirichenko Igor

Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7375-8275

Tarasenko Oleksandr

Karazin Banking Institute

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1745-3845

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-8

Keywords: gel-forming composition, fire-extinguishing powder, subway, subway cars, undercarriage extinguishing trolley

Аnnotation

Together with the general improvement of the undercarriage fire extinguishing trolley at metro stations, a universal mixer-sprayer of the gel-forming composition is proposed. Solutions have been worked out on laboratory equipment, which ensure an increase in the efficiency of fire extinguishing, and ultimately simplify the conditions for conducting rescue operations at subway stations. The project of improving the cart with a mixer-sprayer of gel-forming compositions is proposed. The improved trolley makes it easier to carry out rescue operations and increases the efficiency of extinguishing. The gel-forming fire-extinguishing substance itself covers the burning elements of the undercarriage equipment without excessive loss of mass. As a result of research: the tactical and technical advantages of undercarriage fire extinguishing in the subway with gel-forming systems using a universal mixer-sprayer, which is an integral part of an improved narrow-gauge trolley, have been proven. Rational solutions are proposed that shorten the time of extinguishing fires at stations and reduce the consumption of extinguishing agents by 10–20 % compared to other previously proposed fire extinguishing devices under cars at metro stations. Simulation studies of the tactical and technical qualities of the improved cart with a universal mixer-sprayer of gel-forming composition of the «Segner wheel» type were carried out. The cart is capable of extinguishing likely complex fires under cars at subway stations. In addition, in all cases of under-car fire extinguishing at subway stations, it is expected to improve the conditions of emergency rescue operations when evacuating people from the station premises and from the cars involved in the fire.

References

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5. Ostapov, K. et al. (2021). Improving the installation of fire gasing with gelelating compounds. Problems of emergency situations, 33, 4–14. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14116
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