Scientific Journal Problems of Emergency Situations

The article substantiates the concept of creating a modular unmanned aerial vehicle complex for remote inspection of damaged buildings and structures in the emergency zone. It is proposed to consider an unmanned aerial vehicle not only as a means of video reconnaissance, but also as a mo-bile platform for non-destructive testing, spatial modeling, gas monitoring, thermal imaging analysis and assessment of the risk of collapse of structural elements. It is substantiated that the effectiveness of such a complex is determined not by a separate sensor, but by the coordinated operation of onboard, ground and wearable modules that provide collection, transmission, processing and visuali-zation of diagnostic information. The complex includes an unmanned aerial vehicle with a static segmented protective shell, a laser scanner for building a three-dimensional model, a color video cam-era, a thermal imaging module, a gas analyzer with a remote gas intake, a short-range navigation and altitude stabilization module, an on-board computing and navigation module, a vibroacoustic module for monitoring the technical condition of structures, LED lighting, a ground communication repeater, and a rescuer's helmet with a navigation module. An integral hazard index of the structural zone is proposed, which takes into account geometric deformations, visual damage, thermal anomalies, vi-broacoustic activity, and gas hazard. The result of using the complex is the formation of a three-dimensional model of the damaged object, a gas map, a hazard map, and a safe rescuer's route. The practical value of the proposed approach is to reduce the time of primary reconnaissance, reduce the risk to personnel, increase the validity of the decisions of the emergency response manager and create an information basis for planning the sequence of clearing the rubble. This approach increases the efficiency and safety of rescue operations.

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Received by the editorial board: 10.03.2026

Accepted for publication: 13.04.2026

Date of publication (release): 30.05.2026

Analysis of technical specifications of firefighting unmanned ground vehicles

Bychenko Artem

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3788-3268

Pustovit Mykhailo

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-1459

Ostapenko Anna

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7892-4662

Rotar Vasyl

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5752-5762

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2026-43-2

Keywords: unmanned systems, firefighting unmanned ground vehicles, tactical and technical specifications, firefighting, remote control, State Emergency Service of Ukraine

Аnnotation

In the context of armed aggression, increasing technogenic loads, and elevated danger levels at critical infrastructure facilities, chemical and oil refining industries, and combat zones, there is an urgent need to minimize risks to personnel of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine (SESU). The use of firefighting unmanned ground vehicles allows performing tasks of fire suppression, reconnais-sance, emergency rescue operations, and logistics under high-risk conditions without direct human presence. The aim of the study is a comprehensive analysis of specifications of modern firefighting unmanned ground vehicles, their classification, comparative assessment of effectiveness, and identifi-cation of directions for integration into the response system of the SESU. During the work, a review of scientific sources, technical documentation, and patent materials was conducted. A comparative analysis of 10 models of robotic complexes from leading manufacturers Howe & Howe Technologies (USA), LUF GmbH (Austria), Magirus GmbH (Germany), Rover Tech LLC, Tactical Technology (Ukraine), and Shark Robotics (France) was performed based on key parameters. It has been deter-mined that the most effective for performing tasks within the SESU conditions are robotic complexes with crawler chassis, extinguishing agent flow rate of 40–80 L/s, jet range of 60–100 m, and control range of up to 2000 m. It was concluded that the main limitations to widespread implementation are high cost, insufficient adaptation to operation in conditions of electronic jamming, and absence of information regarding the guaranteed delivery range of fire-extinguishing agents from the fire-fighting vehicles currently available in Ukraine. The obtained results provide a basis for establishing requirements for prospective models of robotic vehicles for the SESU units and determine the direc-tions for further research, in particular regarding the development of domestic models based on the specific conditions of use.

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Received by the editorial board: 10.03.2026

Accepted for publication: 13.04.2026

Date of publication (release): 30.05.2026

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A model for the recovery of explosive objects by search neodymium magnets during underwater demining

Kulakov Oleg

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

Makarov Evgen

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0785-3041

Stepanchuk Sergii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-4119

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2026-43-1

Keywords: explosive object, underwater demining, coercive force, magnetic induction, neo-dymium magnet

Аnnotation

The possibility of using search neodymium magnets for lifting explosive objects to the water surface has been investigated. It has been shown that the magnitude of the magnetic induction required to lift loads using a magnet depends on the plane of its working surface according to a law close to hyperbolic. Considering that the magnetic permeability of water is close to 1, water slightly weakens the magnetic field passing through it, and the water environment does not significantly affect the magnetic properties of the magnet under the conditions of its proper waterproofing. A model has been constructed that describes the features of lifting explosive objects of cylindrical geometric shape (artillery shells (shots)) to the water surface using search neodymium magnets. Taking into account that the pattern of change in the magnitude of the magnetic induction of the magnetic field outside the magnet does not depend on the source of its origin, it was obtained that the magnetic induction at a distance r from the working surface of a magnet in the form of a disk with a diameter D, magnetized axially. The larger the diameter of the magnet, the slower the magnetic induction decreases with distance from the magnet. From geometric considerations, it was determined that the value of the equivalent air distance between the working surfaces of a magnet in the form of a disk, magnetized axially, and a metal cylinder (equivalent to the body of an artillery shell (shot)) from the diameter of the magnet for all investigated diameters of the metal cylinder (artillery shells (shots) of small and medium calibers) has a parabolic character. As the diameter of the metal cylinder (caliber of the artillery shell (shot)) increases for a fixed value of the magnet diameter, the equivalent air distance decreases. Specific recommendations are made on the selection of a search neodymium magnet for raising artillery shells of caliber 152 mm and 122 mm to the water surface.

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Received by the editorial board: 13.03.2026

Accepted for publication: 18.04.2026

Date of publication (release): 30.05.2026

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O. Kulakov, M. Kustov, Ye. Makarov, S. Stepanchuk. A model for the recovery of explosive objects by search neodymium magnets during underwater demining. Р. 4-21.

Policy on Mandatory Ethical Approval for Research Involving Humans, Animals, Biological Materials, and Personal or Confidential Data