Аssessment of excess pressure during accidents at oil refineries

Kalchenko Yaroslav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-0782

Kostiantyn Afanasenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

Vavreniuk Sergei

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-9906

Pisklova Daria

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9521-7006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-12

Keywords: excess explosion pressure, oil spill, oil tanks, consequences of accidents

Аnnotation

Аssessed the excess explosion pressure during an accident on oil tanks. In the studies, three cases of accidents were considered: local depressurization of the oil tank, full depressurization of the oil tank without the formation of a breakthrough wave and full depressurization with the formation of a breakthrough wave of the oil. The study was conducted for tanks with a volume of 10.000 m³. The paper considers a mathematical model of the overpressure of the explosion of vapors evaporated from a oil spill in the event of these accidents. According to this mathematical model, graphs of the dependence of excess explosion pressure on the radius were built. From the analysis of these graphs, numerical values of the radii of buildings damage degreewere determined . In case of full depressurization of the oil tank with the formation of a breakthrough wave, the radii of buildings damage degreewill be significantly larger than in the case of full depressurization without the formation of a breakthrough wave, which is due to a significant increase in the area of evaporation of the oil. It is determined that the presence of a serviceable dike can significantly reduce the consequences of accidents that can occur when damaged oil tanks. The radii on which a person will suffer damage of various degrees of complexity from the explosion of oil product vapors during their spill as a result of an accident on oil tanks are determined. It was established that for the case of local and full depressurization of a tank with an oil product without the formation of a breakthrough wave, a person will not receive too severe affections from a shock wave. In this case, for the case of full depressurization of the oil tank with the formation of a breakthrough wave, this distance will be at least 535 meters. The obtained results allow to assess the consequences of accidents on oil tanks and can be used to determine the distances of personnel and their special protective clothing.

References

1. Kustov, M. V., Kalugin, V. D., Tutunik, V. V., Tarakhno, E. V. (2019). Physicochemical principles of the technology of modified pyrotechnic compositions to reduce the chemical pollution of the atmosphere. Voprosy khimii i khimicheskoi tekhnologii, 1, 92–99. doi:10.32434/0321-4095-2019-122-1-92-99
2. Loboichenko, V., Strelec, V. (2018). The natural waters and aqueous solutions express-identification as element of determination of possible emergency situation. Water and Energy International, 61, 9, 43–50. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:wei&volume=61r&issue=9&article
3. Popov, O., Iatsyshyn, A., Kovach, V., Artemchuk, V., Kameneva, I., Taraduda, D., Sobyna, V., Sokolov, D., Dement, M., Yatsyshyn, T. (2020). Risk assessment for the population of Kyiv, Ukraine as a result of atmospheric air pollution. Journal of Health and Pollution, 10, 25. doi: 10.5696/2156-9614-10.25.200303
4. Fabiano, B., Caviglione, C., Reverberi, A. P., Palazzi, E. (2016) Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Pool Fire: Analytical Modelling and Field Application. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 48, 187–192. doi: 10.3303/CET1648032
5. Raja, S., Tauseef, S. M., Abbasi, T. (2018). Risk of Fuel Spills and the Transient Models of Spill Area Forecasting. Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 18, 445–455. doi:10.1007/s11668-018-0429-1
6. Vasilchenko, A., Otrosh, Yu., Adamenko, N., Doronin, E., Kovalov, A. (2018). Feature of fire resistance calculation of steel structures with intumescent coating. MATEC Web of Conferences, 230, 02036. doi:10.1051/matecconf/201823002036
7. Semerak, M., Pozdeev, S., Yakovchuk, R., Nekora, O., Sviatkevich, O. (2018). Mathematical modeling of thermal fire effect on tanks with oil products. MATEC Web of Conferences, 247(00040). https://doi.org/10.1 051/matecconf/201824700040
8. Espinosa S. N., Jaca R. C., Godoy L. A. (2019). Thermal effects of fire on a nearby fuel storage tank. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 62(103990). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2019.103990
9. Ahmadi, O., Mortazavi, S. B., Pasdarshahri, H., Mohabadi, H. A. (2019). Consequence analysis of large-scale pool fire in oil storage terminal based on computational fluid dynamic (CFD). Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 123, 379–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2019.01.006
10. Abramov, Y., Basmanov, O., Krivtsova, V., Salamov, J. (2019). Modeling of spilling and extinguishing of burning fuel on horizontal surface, Naukovyi Visnyk NHU 4, 86–90. doi:10.29202/nvngu/2019-4/16
11. Oliinik, V., Basmanov, O. (2023). Model of spreading and burning the liquid on the soil, Problems of emergency situations, 1(37), 18–30. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-2
12. Abramov, Y., Basmanov, O., Khmyrov, I., Oliinik, V. (2022). Justifying the experimental method for determining the parameters of liquid infiltration in bulk material, Eastern-European Journal of  Enterprise  Technologies, 4/10(118), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2022.262249
13. Abramov, Y., Basmanov, O., Oliinik, V., Khmyrov, I., Khmyrova, A. (2022). Modeling the convective component of the heat flow from a spill fire at railway accidence. EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, 6, 128–138. https://doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002702