Development of the mathematical model of the magneto-contact thermal fire alarm

Durieiev Viacheslav

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-6779

Khrystych Valerii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-7042

Bondarenko Serhiy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4687-1763

Antoshkin Oleksiy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-2030

Maliarov Murat

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4052-7128

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-1

Keywords: fire detector, sensitive element, mathematical model, inertia, activation time, activation temperature

Аnnotation

Mathematical models of a fire detector have been developed taking into account the dependence of the magnetization of the contacts of the sensitive element on the temperature and the parameters of the contact material. The obtained equations of the dynamics of the SP take into account the type and structure of the materials of the contact elements of the ЧЭ and the dependence of their magnetization on the temperature and correspond to the inertial positional link of the first order, written in relative variables with constant coefficients. As a result of studying the current literature, the characteristics of the material of the magnetic contacts have been taken into account in the models to determine its optimal dynamic parameters. The mathematical model of the detector is a system of equations consisting of the heat balance equation under conditions of non-stationary heat exchange with the assumption of uniform heating of the contacts of the sensitive element over the entire depth. The second is the equation of the relationship between the magnetization of contacts soldered in a reed switch and temperature. The obtained detector dynamics equations take into account the type and structure of the materials of the contact elements and the dependence of their magnetization on temperature and correspond to the inertial positional link of the first order. The variables of the equations are relative to the linearization point, with constant coefficients. The equations allow to study the detector operation parameters with the principle of the dependence of magnetic induction on temperature. The dynamics equations allow to study the dynamic parameters of the operation of thermal fire detectors, the relative error of the results does not exceed 5 %. The obtained results of the simulation of the fire detector operation confirm the correctness of the chosen hypothesis, and the determined parameters of the fire detector operation coincide with the experimental data. The results of the conducted studies allow to provide recommendations on the selection of the detector operation parameters, which will improve the quality of their operation: static and dynamic operation temperatures, inertia, operation time.

References

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Silicophosphate fireproof coatings for building materials

Lysak Nataliia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-4704

Skorodumova Olga

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

Chernukha Anton

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

Goncharenko Yana

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-3244

Melezhyk Roman

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-4147

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-19

Keywords: fire-resistant coatings, building materials, liquid glass, SiO₂ sol, phosphate buffer solution, fire resistance

Аnnotation

The composition of silicophosphate fire-resistant coatings for wooden building structures was developed and their properties were investigated. Fireproof compositions were obtained by mixing aqueous solutions of liquid glass and acetic acid. As a phosphate-containing additive, phosphate buffer solutions were used, which were added to the silicic acid sol in different amounts and with different ratios of the components of the buffer pair. Adjusting the ratio of the components of the buffer solution led to a change in the pH of the buffer solutions, but adding them to the sol did not change its acidity, which was in the pH range of 5.5–6. The effect of the content and ratio of the components of the buffer pair on the change in the optical density of the obtained sols over time was studied. The highest durability of the flame retardant composition was recorded when using a buffer solution with a pH of 7 at a content of 20%. The embedding of phosphate ions into the siloxane framework of experimental gels has been chemically proven, which increases their fire resistance. It is shown that the amount of free phosphate anion in the intermicellar liquid of the experimental gels is less than 5%. The mechanism of the strengthening effect of the acetate buffer solution, which is formed during the mixing of the liquid glass solution with acetic acid, on the phosphate buffer solution is proposed. Fire-retardant compositions were applied to wood samples by the bath method and dried at temperatures of 80–100 ˚С in a drying cabinet. The fire protection effect of coatings was determined during fire tests in a ceramic pipe. The effect of the content of phosphate buffer solution on the fire-retardant properties of experimental coatings was studied. It is shown that increasing the content of the phosphate buffer solution reduces mass loss during fire tests, allows to increase the fire resistance of wood and transfer it to the group of "highly flammable".

References

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15. Lysak, N., Skorodumova, О., Chernukha, A. (2023). Development of a fire-proof coating containing silica for polystyrene. Problems of Emergency Situations, 2(38), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-10

Use of fire- and vibration-protective mastics in railway transport

Skripinets Anna

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3845-8303

Saienko Natalia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5316

Hryhorenko Oleksandr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4629-1010

Afanasenko Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

Makarenko Olga

M. Beketov National University of Urban Economy in Kharkiv

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4125-2365

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-20

Keywords: epoxyurethane mastic, viscoelastic researches, damping, fire safety, toxicity, railway transport

Аnnotation

A difficult combustible epoxyurethane mastic with increased vibration-damping properties and the necessary physical and mechanical properties has been developed for lining internal metal surfaces of railway rolling stock. Epoxyurethane network polymers were used as a polymer matrix. To reduce flammability, the fire-retardant additive ammonium polyphosphate was used, and a filler with a hydrophobized surface was used to impart thixotropic properties Aerosil. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy using a dynamic relaxometer was used as a method for studying viscoelastic properties. The study of viscoelastic properties was carried out in the ultra-low frequency range of 0.7–1.0 Hz, which minimizes the effect of external mechanical influences on changes in the structure of the polymer matrix in the temperature range from –100 to +100 °C. It has been determined that compositions based on oligester cyclo-cab modified with an epoxy diane oligomer are characterized by the best damping capacity (tgδ=0.97). It has been established that the developed mastic composition containing a fire retardant and thixotropic additive has the highest damping capacity (tgδ=0.45–0.47) in the highly elastic region; this composition can be used as a vibration-absorbing material, operable at temperatures from –60 °C up to +60 °C. It has been established that the developed mastic belongs to the group of difficult combustible materials, with slow flame propagation, moderate smoke generating ability and are moderately hazardous in terms of toxicity. The achieved level of characteristics of the difficult combustible vibration damping mastic testifies about the prospects of its further use for facing the internal metal surfaces of bodies of railway rolling stock in order to ensure their fire safety and acoustic comfort.

References

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Аssessment of the influence of air humidity on the explosion and fire hazard of premises with combustible dust

Roianov Oleksii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-1030

Katunin Albert

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-4558

Kulakov Oleg

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

Bogatov Oleg

Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7342-7556

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-18

Keywords: explosion and fire hazard, overpressure of explosion, flammable dust, explosion dust, category of premises according to fire and explosion hazard

Аnnotation

Estimated explosion pressure of the dust-air mixture in the industrial premises was evaluated taking into account air humidity to determine the category of the premises according to explosion and fire hazard. The study presents data that demonstrate the presence of water vapor in the air and reflect its sensitivity to ambient temperature. During the research, the calculation of the overpressure of the explosion in the working room and equipment with a dust-air mixture was carried out. At the same time, a hypothesis was put forward regarding the influence of humidity in the room with dust-air mixtures on the obtained value of the calculated overpressure of the explosion. The error with which this value will be determined, in turn, can lead to the adoption of a wrong decision regarding the specified category of the premises in terms of explosion and fire hazard. In order to test the proposed hypothesis, calculations were carried out for two cases – without taking into account and taking into account the humidity in the air of the surrounding environment. The input values for the calculations were chosen in accordance with the requirements for ensuring environmental parameters in industrial premises with dust-air mixtures. The results obtained during the research confirmed the proposed hypothesis regarding the influ-ence of humidity on the value of the calculated overpressure of the explosion. The influence of humidity in the environment on the accuracy of the obtained value of the calculated excess pressure is a recognized fact and requires additional research. The results of the estimates obtained during the study confirm the need to take into account the influence of the humidity of the environment in the production room on the calculated value of the excess pressure of the explosion. Based on the results of these calculations, a conclusion is made regarding the belonging of a room with a dust-air mixture to a certain category in terms of explosion-fire hazard, as well as the need to take precautionary measures to reduce the fire-explosion hazard of environments in industrial premises.

References

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7. Darie, M., Burian, S., Ionescu, J., Csaszar, T., Moldovan, L., Colda, C., Andriş, A. (2014). Air humidity – a significant factor on ignition sensitivity of gaseous explosive atmospheres. Proc. The X^th Environmental legislation, safety engineering and disaster management, Cluj–Napoca, Romania. 47. Available at: https://www.researchgate.
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10. Kostenko, V., Liashok, Y., Zavialova, O., Pozdieiev, S., Kostenko, T. (2020). The deformation dynamics of the experimental adit’s material during a coal dust explosion. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 4, 7–106, 54–62. doi: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.209409
11. Roianov, O., Katunin, A., Melezhyk, R., Bogatov, O. (2022). Evaluation of the influence of air humidity on the calculated explosion overpressure. Problems of Emergency Situations, 2(36), 312–324. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/
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