Features of the process of water filling the barrel of a periodic-pulse fire extinguishing installation

Dubinin Dmytro

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8948-5240

Korytchenko Konstantyn

National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute"

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-7778

Krivoruchko Yevhen

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-9593

Ragimov Sergey

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-3348

Trigub Volodimir

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5370-1340

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-5

Keywords: fire extinguishing installation, finely sprayed water jets, mathematical model, numerical studies

Аnnotation

In the work, research was carried out, which made it possible to reveal the peculiarities of the process of filling the barrel of the periodic-impulse fire extinguishing installation with water. At the same time, a mathematical model for simulating the processes of water injection into a pipe with subsequent crushing of water by a shock wave was substantiated and proposed. To simulate the processes of water injection and water crushing in the shaft of the installation, a VOF model (volume of liquid model) is used, according to which there is no penetration of one medium into another, and which is based on the surface tracking method applied to a fixed Euler grid. On the basis of the developed mathematical model in the ANSYS software environment, numerical studies of the process of filling the barrel of a periodic-impulse fire extinguishing installation with water were carried out. According to the results of a numerical study of the process of filling the barrel of the periodic-impulse fire extinguishing installation with water, a relatively high inertia in the time of the water injection processes in relation to the gas detonation processes occurring in the periodic-impulse fire extinguishing installation was revealed. In particular, the time interval between detonation cycles in the installation operating at a frequency of 23 Hz is about 43,5 ms. If we discard the purge cycle, then we have a time interval of 21 ms, during which it is necessary to inject water into the barrel of the intermittent-impulse fire extinguishing installation. According to the results of the above studies, we have that only the time for the spread of the stream of water from one side to the other side of the barrel of the periodic-impulse fire extinguishing installation is 8 ms. The conducted research makes it possible to investigate the influence of the parameters of the fire extinguishing installation on the formation of a finely sprayed water jet, and the obtained results will significantly increase the level of operational readiness of the personnel of fire and rescue units during operational actions to extinguish internal fires.

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Мodel of diffraction of electromagnetic waves on explosive objects

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

Kulakov Oleg

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

Basmanov Oleksii

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

Karpov Artem

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9895-1574

Mykhailovska Yuliia

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-3

Keywords: level of civil protection of territories, explosive substances, electromagnetic waves, reflection, absorption, diffraction

Аnnotation

A model of electromagnetic wave diffraction on an explosive object without metal structural substances is proposed. The properties of the materials of the most common anti-personnel mines were analyzed and it was established that their shell is dielectric, and explosive substances are divided into two groups depending on their dipole moment. In particular, the explosive substances such as hexogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate, and mercury fulminate with zero dipole moment and according to their electromagnetic properties, they belong to ideal dielectrics. The explosives trinitrotoluene, tetryl, lead trinitroresorcinate, and lead azide should be considered as low-loss dielectrics. An electrodynamic model was built to calculate the reflection coefficients and the passage of electromagnetic plane waves of the microwave range through the multilayer structure of an explosive object. To determine the equivalent wave resistance of the multilayer structure of an explosive object, the use of the theory of long lines is proposed. It is established that for microwave radiation, the layers of the case of explosive objects made of dielectric substances can be neglected due to their small thickness. The modeling results show that most anti-personnel mines have a low reflection coefficient, which makes them difficult to detect, but at the same time increases the amount of energy that can pass deep into the body of the explosive substance. It has been shown that explosive objects with dipole explosive substances are capable of absorbing electromagnetic radiation energy. The obtained results allow us to qualitatively assess the susceptibility of explosive substances to their remote detonation by irradiation with powerful pulses of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave range.

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Features of determining the time of evacuation of people from buildings in case of fire

Shakhov Stanislav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-1696

Vinogradov Stanislav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-5489

Rybka Evgeniy

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

Garbuz Serhii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-6214

Ostapov Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-741X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-4

Keywords: evacuation, warning systems, fire hazards, educational institutions, PathFinder, PyroSim

Аnnotation

The object of the study is the safe evacuation time of people in case of fire from a typical secondary education institution. The problem was solved, which consisted in the inconsistency of the quantitative assessment of «pre-evacuation time» set out in DSTU 8828:2019, which is regulated by the requirements of DBN B.2.5-56:2014, with today’s conditions, when determining the safe time of evacuation from buildings and structures. Thanks to the obtained results, features were revealed that fully determine the dependence of the relationship between the pre-evacuation time and warning systems on the example of a typical secondary education institution. The evacuation time was determined according to DSTU 8828:2019, taking into account the requirements of DBN B.2.5-56:2014. The total evacuation time from the building was 687 s. The time of blocking evacuation routes and evacuation exits by dangerous fire factors is determined. The results of the recorded temperature did not exceed 46 оC, the value of oxygen was not recorded lower than ≥0,226 kg/m3, the density of carbon monoxide was not more than ≤1,16•10-3 kg/m3 during the total evacuation time, which meets the requirements of fire safety. The results of the recorded visibility exceed the maximum permissible values. Thus, the path to evacuation exit № 1 using stairwell № 1 takes place through door № 7. Movement through this door lasts for 531 s, therefore, now when the last person passes through stairwell and door № 7, the visibility is already ≤6 m. Therefore, evacuation through stairwell № 1 is dangerous. In addition, the last person passes through the door of the evacuation exit № 1 for 550 s, where the visibility value is ≤9 m, which is also an excess of the maximum permissible values, according to the requirements.

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Justification of the need to create modern robotic and technical complexes for humanitarian demining

Nevlyudov Ihor

Kharkov National University of Radio Electronics

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-2309

Yanushkevich Dmitry

Kharkov National University of Radio Electronics

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3684-518X

Tolkunov Ihor

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-3120

Popov Ivan

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-4404

Ivanets Hryhorii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-5265

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-38-2

Keywords: humanitarian demining, robotic complex, non-technical and technical inspection of territories

Аnnotation

A study of military, special or dual purpose robotic complexes used in the humanitarian demining system was conducted. It was determined that the system of humanitarian demining involves the following tasks: inspection of objects and terrain contaminated by explosive objects; their search, remote identification, neutralization and destruction; mapping and marking of dangerous areas, etc. In this regard, it has been proven that for humanitarian demining, it will be appropriate to use robotic and technical complexes of special purpose, which should be equipped with manipulators and detectors (sensors, gauges), means of decision-making at all stages of the work. A mathematical model and a control algorithm have been developed for the clearance of explosive objects from the territory of hostilities using robotic complexes that implement the principle of an integrated approach to solving the problem of clearing the territories of Ukraine. The proposed mathematical model is a combination of interconnected models: estimation of the terms of solving the problem of clearing the territory of combat operations from explosive objects, the total number of personnel and technical equipment of the units to perform the assigned tasks. According to the results of the research, recommendations were given for the use of modern robotic complexes in humanitarian demining and it was established that to increase the efficiency of detecting explosive objects, it is advisable to use various search methods in one robotic complex. One of the most promising methods is the use of a combination of electromagnetic, optical and mechanical methods, as well as the development of complexes capable of searching for, neutralizing and destroying explosive objects not only on the surface of the soil, but also at a certain depth.

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