Express assessment of the level of concentration of dangerous chemical substances in the air

Serhij V. Hovalenkov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-814Х

Serhij S. Hovalenkov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1894-1971

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-10

Keywords: express assessment of the level of concentration of a dangerous chemical substance, hardware and software complex

Аnnotation

The object of the study is emergency situations at chemically hazardous facilities associated with the release of hazardous chemicals into the air. The problem of providing the head of the liquidation of an emergency situation with express assessments of the level of concentration of a dangerous chemical substance, prompt and maximally accurate determination of the affected areas and their sizes for the safe presence of personnel in them is solved. The work proposes the use of a hardware and software complex for forecasting the level of concentration of a hazardous substance in the air, determining the zones of safe location of forces and means, making a decision on the use of the necessary means of personal protection. The obtained results allow the head of the liquidation of an emergency situation to estimate the necessary amount of forces and means already in the process of following to the place of the call. A feature of the obtained results is the application of stochastic mathematical models in the construction of a hardware and software complex and its use for express assessment of the level of concentration of a hazardous substance in the air. This made it possible to obtain specific recommendations regarding the procedure for determining a rational tactical scheme for the use of forces and means of emergency and rescue units and their safety, and during martial law – the organization of interaction with other structural units of the state. This approach to the decision is more informative and shortens the time of making the optimal decision compared to existing approaches, models and methods of which require a significant number of input parameters and significant time for their measurement. The scope and conditions of practical use of the obtained results is the application of express estimates of the concentration level of dangerous chemicals to predict the boundaries of safe zones for the personnel of the involved units in emergency situations associated with the release of these substances on the basis of the developed hardware and software complex.

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Determination of conformity of international and national methods of classification of gasvaporair explosive zones

Oleg Kulakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

Yuliia Mykhailovska

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

Albert Katunin

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-4558

Oleksii Roianov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-1030

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-8

Keywords: explosive zone, explosive environment, pump station, nomogram, room, light oil products

Аnnotation

Discrepancies between the international and national methods of classification of gas-vapor-air explosive zones (the method of the final edition of DSTU EN IEC 60079-10-1 and the method of NPAOP 40.1-1.32) were revealed using the example of the premises of pumping stations for pumping light petroleum products. When applying the international method, either an explosive zone of class 1 or an explosive zone of class 2 can be formed, or an explosive zone is not formed. The class of the zone depends on the mass rate of gasoline leakage and the ventilation rate (with a high mass rate of gasoline leakage and a low ventilation rate, a class 1 zone is formed; with an increase in the ventilation rate and the constant rate of gasoline leakage, either a class 2 zone is created or the conditions for its creation are absent). The explosive zone of class 2 acquires significant dimensions only in case of significant emergency leaks (in particular, it occurs at a distance of 5 m with a total mass leakage rate of 132,81 g per 1 kg of gasoline pumped). The explosive zone occupies the entire room only if its size exceeds the geometric dimensions of the room, taking into account the place of release of the hazardous substance. The time of existence of the explosive zone depends on the stationary background concentration of gasoline according to the logarithmic law. The frequency of air exchange in the room significantly affects the time of existence of the explosive zone. When applying the national method in the room, either an explosive zone of class 2 or no explosive zone can be formed. The criteria for the formation of an explosive zone by different methods differ significantly. The elimination of identified discrepancies is possible either by a complete transition to European technological regulations with the cancellation of the national method of calculation or by incorporating the international method of calculation into the existing national rules after their comprehensive technical examination.

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5. Bozek, A. (2018). Application of IEC 60079-10-1 edition 2.0 for Hazardous Area Classification. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 54, 1881–1889. doi: 1109/TIA.2017.2785258
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7. Cole, М., Lawrence, W., Adams, D., Driscoll, T. (2017). The Canadian electrical code for hazardous locations has no class – But it does have significant changes. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 53, 1635–1645. doi: 1109/TIA.2016.2622683
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11. Kulakov, O. V., Katunin, A. M., Mykhailovska, Yu. V. (2022). Doslidzhennia klasiv i rozmiriv vybukhonebezpechnykh zon rezervuariv zi svitlymy naftoproduktamy. Problemy nadzvychainykh sytuatsii, 1(35), 133–146. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-10

Characteristics of the amplitude change of the bispectrum of the parameters of the gas environment during ignition of materials

Boris Pospelov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3839

Evgeniy Rybka

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

Ruslan Meleschenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-2030

Yuliiy Bezuhla

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-2807

Оlexander Yashchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-389X

Pavlo Borodych  

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-8498

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-9

Keywords: stability of objects, hazardous events, ignition of materials, gaseous environment, amplitude bispectrum, fire detection

Аnnotation

The features of the amplitude bispectra of the dynamics of the main dangerous parameters of the gas medium at the intervals of the absence and appearance of ignition of materials in the premises were analyzed and revealed. The problem to be solved is the detection of fires in the premises before the fire appears. The results of the research in general indicate the non-linear nature of the dynamics of dangerous parameters of the gas environment before and after the ignition of the materials. It was established that the amplitude bispectrum, in contrast to the traditional amplitude spectrum of dangerous parameters of the gas environment, contains information for reliable detection of fires. As such information, it is proposed to use the value of the positive dynamic range in relation to the amplitudes of the bispectrum. It was established that when alcohol ignites, the positive dynamics of the amplitude bispectrum changes for all dangerous parameters of the gas environment. At the same time, significant changes are characteristic of smoke density (from 1 dB to 30 dB) and temperature (from 1 dB to 70 dB). The dynamic range of the bispectrum amplitudes for carbon monoxide concentration increases from 30 dB to 70 dB. It was determined that the ignition of paper causes a decrease in the dynamic range of the bispectrum amplitudes for smoke density from 40 dB to 20 dB. At the same time, the dynamic range of bispectrum amplitudes for carbon monoxide concentration and temperature increases to 60 dB. When wood catches fire, the dynamic range of amplitudes of the carbon monoxide concentration bispectrum increases from 40 dB to 60 dB, and the temperature increases from 30 dB to 40 dB. It was found that when textiles catch fire, the range of bispectrum amplitude dynamics for temperature increases from 10 dB to 60 dB. In general, the obtained results indicate that the dynamic characteristics of the amplitudes of the bispectrum of the dynamics of dangerous parameters of the gas environment can be considered as signs of early detection of fires in the premises.

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Influence of smoke density on the parameters of the acoustic device of the rescuer's equipment

Alexander Levterow

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5926-7146

Yevhenii Statyvka

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1536-2031

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-7

Keywords: acoustic device, sensor, acoustic resistance, reflection coefficient, visual control

Аnnotation

Experimentally determined correction values of the distance to the obstacle depending on the acoustic impedance of the environment for the acoustic device of the rescuer's equipment. The measurement results were obtained using the developed experimental setup, which took into account, in real time, changes in acoustic impedance and temperature of the environment using a two-channel temperature meter and an optical penetration sensor of the environment. The temperature of the environment (in the confined space) varied from 20 °C to 60 °C, and the optical penetration index from 0 to 100 %, where 100 % corresponds to complete optical opacity of the environment. Dependencies of the propagation of acoustic waves upon changing the optical permeability of the medium and temperature were obtained. The correction value for the distance to the obstacle calculated by the acoustic device at a distance of 1000 mm was (+0,013 m). The relative error during the measurements did not exceed 2 %. It was found that when the wave impedance increases, the indicators of the distance to the obstacle decrease, so the corrective dependence has a positive value. The obtained results make it possible to increase the reliability of the readings of the acoustic device as an additional equipment of the rescuer. The data obtained as a result of the experiment make it possible to display the shape of the obstacle in more detail. Approximating polynomials of the reflection coefficient of acoustic waves depending on the volume content of inclusions at angles of incidence from 0 °С to 30 °С have been determined. The use of the obtained polynomials allows to increase the speed of the program code of the control microcontroller of the acoustic device. The obtained dependencies are taken into account in the calculation algorithm of the program code of the microcontroller of the acoustic device for determining the shape and distance to the obstacle, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the rescuer's orientation in conditions of unsatisfactory visual control during emergency rescue operations.

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