Effectiveness of the method of territorial placement of fire departments of different functional capacity

 

Maksym Kustov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

 

Oleg Fedoryaka

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6381-5985

 

Ruslan Kornienko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-283Х

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-5

 

Keywords: territorial location, functional capacity, fire departments, optimal traffic route

 

Аnnotation

In order to check the reliability and efficiency of the mathematical model of the spatial placement of fire departments of different functional capacity in local territories with different socio-technological properties, an automated software complex Fire Emergency Department Direction was developed. The software complex allows you to simplify the process of optimizing the territorial placement of fire departments and choosing the optimal route to the fire site. The performed calculations showed that the proposed mathematical model allows to optimize the location of several fire departments relative to potentially dangerous objects in terms of travel time to the place of fire as a determining criterion. The developed software complex based on the mathematical model of the spatial location of fire departments can be used by fire chiefs to automate the management of fire departments and to allocate additional resources. The effectiveness of the developed method of territorial placement of fire departments was verified by comparing the results of calculation of coverage coefficients with the closest method in terms of properties, which was chosen as a prototype and has practical approval. Comparison of calculation results showed that when using the same averaged functional capacity of fire departments in a separate territorial community, the developed method and the prototype give comparable results with an error of about 1 %, while taking into account different functional capacity leads to a refinement of the prototype results by about 15 %. The proposed method of spatial placement of fire departments can be used when checking the compliance of the placement of existing fire departments with the socio-technological properties of the local area, when designing the development of new local areas and arranging citizen assistance centers on the territory of united territorial communities.

 

References

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Substances explosive properties formation

 

Dmytrо Tregubov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-822X

 

Natalya Minska

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8438-0618

 

Evgen Slepuzhnikov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

 

Yuliana Hapon

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-5657

 

Dmytro Sokolov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-6577

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-4

 

Keywords: self-ignition, melting ease, explosion hazard index, cluster, equivalent length, detonation velocity

 

Аnnotation

Formation mechanisms of substances explosive properties based on the supramolecular structure prediction were studied and the appropriate analytical index was developed. The explosiveness index Kр was introduced based on the "melting ease" parameter, taking into account the equivalent length nСeq of the smallest supramolecular structure in the cluster form. The model performance was tested for the simplest explosive – nitromethane and similar compounds. It is shown that for values of the index Kр<1, combustible substances are not capable of the detonation, and for Kр>1, this index is proportional to the explosives detonation velocity. According to the presence of the explosive properties oscillation, using the example of alkanes homologous series, a connection was established with supramolecular structure features of the substance in the solid state. It is explained that such oscillation is the phenomenon consequence of molecules "evenity-oddity" in a homologous series and indicates the transition in the flame front of a substance to a solid state. It is proposed to consider the spread of the defla-gration and detonation combustion as different mechanisms of clustering in the flame front. A model is considered that for combustible substances due to the pressures in the flame front, the condensation or peroxide clustering can occur in a similar way to their clustering during the phase transition to the solid state at the melting temperature, which involves the formation of supramolecular polymer-like structures that are easier to condense under increased pressure in flame front. It has been proven that the difference between the detonation process of combustible mixtures and the detonation of explosive compounds is the need for a phase transition to a condensed state in the substance clusters form or its peroxides.

 

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Method of experimental determining the parameters of impregnating a liquid into the soil

 

Volodymyr Oliinik

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5193-1775

 

Oleksii Basmanov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

 

Yuliia Mykhailovska

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-2

 

Keywords: liquid spillage, impregnation parameters, Green-Ampt model, porosity coefficient, bulk material

 

Аnnotation

The object of the study is the process of liquid impregnation into bulk material. It was built a mathematical model that determines the parameters of impregnation of liquid into the soil: porosity coefficient, hydraulic conductivity coefficient and suction head. It is assumed that the process of liquid infiltration into the soil is described by the Green-Ampt model. The feature of the model is a boundary between wet and dry soil. The main idea of the method is to choose the impregnation parameters in such a way that the calculated value of the impregnation depth differs as little as possible from the experimentally obtained values. The methodology for estimating the parameters of the model of impregnating the liquid into the soil is given. First, the process of liquid impregnation into a soil sample in a glass measuring cylinder is videotaped. Then the depth of liquid penetration is measured at certain moments of time. The estimate of the porosity coefficient is obtained directly from the experimental data. It was built a minimization problem for estimating the values of the coefficient of hydraulic conductivity and the suction head. The minimum of the sum of the squares of deviations between experimentally determined impregnation depths and the calculated ones was used as a criterion for determining parameter values. The minimization problem is solved by using the gradient descent method. The values of the partial derivatives are approximated by their expressions in finite differences. As an example of the use of proposed method, the parameters of the impregnation of crude oil into sand were evaluated. Comparing the calculated impregnation depth and the experimentally determined one indicates a good coincidence of the results. The proposed method of determining the infiltration parameters can be used in the practical application of the liquid spreading and infiltrating model.

 

References

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Implementation of the method of preventing emergency situations due to fire through fire forecasting

 

Boris Pospelov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0957-3839

 

Evgeniy Rybka

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

 

Mikhail Samoylov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8924-7944

 

Ruslan Meleschenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-2030

 

Yuliiy Bezuhla

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4022-2807

 

Оlexander Yashchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7129-389X

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-3

 

Keywords: emergency situation, fire, air environment parameters, intelligent subsystem, fire forecasting

 

Аnnotation

A general scheme for the implementation of the method of preventing emergency situations due to fires in buildings and structures based on the prediction of fires in the form of an intelligent system has been developed. The system consists of three interrelated subsystems - a subsystem of current measurement of dangerous parameters of the indoor air environment, a subsystem of intelligent forecasting of fires in premises, and a subsystem of implementing operational management decisions regarding the elimination of fires. The general scheme of the proposed system covers the air environment of the premises, the relevant characteristics of the danger state of which are used to predict fires. Current data from the subsystem of current measurement of dangerous parameters of the state of the indoor air environment are the information basis of the intelligent fire forecasting subsystem. These data reflect current information about the state of the environment in specific premises that are dangerous from the point of view of the occurrence of fires in them. The intelligent fire forecasting subsystem allows you to identify dangerous premises where a fire is likely to occur and to generate special warning signals about the possibility of a fire and to transmit them to the subsystem for the implementation of operational management decisions. The scheme of the subsystem of the current measurement of dangerous parameters has been developed, which allows obtaining current information about the state of the environment in specific premises that are dangerous from the point of view of the possibility of fires occurring in them. The subsystem for the implementation of operational management decisions has at its disposal the necessary resource for the implementation of measures to eliminate fires in premises and to prevent the occurrence of emergency situations due to fires.

 

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Study of the insulating properties of the two-layer system based on fluid light materials

 

Ilham Balasalim Babashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-1767

 

Ilgar Firdosi Dadashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-1094

 

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Alexander Savchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-70415

 

Magomed Yelchyn Musaev

Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-2617

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-1

Keywords: extinguishing polar flammable liquids, ethanol, loose materials, insulating properties

 

Аnnotation

Experimental studies of the previously proposed method of extinguishing polar liquids with the help of fire extinguishing agents based on light loose porous materials have been continued. It is shown that the most important component of the fire-extinguishing action of such agents is their insulating properties. To reduce the rate of evaporation of highly flammable polar liquids, it is proposed to use binary layers of light free-flowing porous materials. The lower layer provides high buoyancy of the entire fire extinguishing system, and the upper layer has increased insulating properties. Crushed foam glass was chosen as the material of the bottom layer, which provides buoyancy. Swollen perlite and vermiculite, as well as crushed foam glass with granule sizes of 0,5–1 cm and 1–1,5 cm and granular zeolites and silica gel were chosen as the materials of the upper layer. Ethanol was chosen as a widely distributed polar liquid. An experimental technique for determining the insulating properties of a two-layer fire extinguishing system based on loose, lightweight materials has been developed, which allows simultaneous determination of the adsorption of ethanol vapors. Based on the gravimetric measurements, it was established that the insulating properties are increased to the greatest degree by crushed foam glass with a granule size of 0,5–1 cm, expanded perlite and vermiculite with a plate size of 0,2–0,5 cm. It was concluded that for further study of fire extinguishing properties of a two-layer fire extinguishing system intended for extinguishing flammable polar liquids, as a material that provides buoyancy, it is advisable to choose foam glass with a granule size of (1,0–1,5) cm. As a material of the upper layer, it is advisable to try crushed foam glass with a granule size of 0,5–1 cm, expanded perlite, as well as expanded vermiculite with a plate size of 0,2–0,5 cm. Also, for further studies of the fire-extinguishing characteristics of the proposed systems, it is advisable to apply a thin layer of combustion process inhibitors to the selected light loose materials.

 

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