Study of water resistance of silica protective coatings based on liquid glass

 

Olga Skorodumova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

 

Olena Tarakhno

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-9874

 

Olena Chebotareva

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-8700

 

Serhii Harbuz

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-6214

 

Hanna Radchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6455-3582

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-15

 

Keywords: liquid glass, fire-retardant coatings, textile materials, water resistance, lay-by-layer assembly, fire resistance

 

Аnnotation

The water resistance of cotton textile materials impregnated with SiO2 sols obtained on the basis of liquid glass was studied. Experimental coatings on fabrics were prepared by the bath method. After applying each coating layer and removing excess ash, the experimental samples were dried at (60–80) ºС. Fabric samples impregnated with sol SiO2 were immersed in containers with distilled water maintaining the same sample/water ratio. The fire-retardant properties of the coatings were determined after standing in water for 2–72 hours. The degree of destruction of coatings during hydrolysis was studied by determining the optical density of the hydrolyzate above the surface of the samples using the spectrophotometric (KFK-2) method. Fire-resistant properties were determined at a laboratory installation for fire tests. Under the influence of water, partial hydration of the surface of the silica coating occurs, which does not lead to its destruction. The presence of a layer of adsorbed water molecules on the surface of the coating is the reason for an additional increase in the fire-retardant properties of the samples. It is shown that the degree of homogeneity of the SiO2 sol affects the resistance to hydrolysis of the gel coatings. Low-concentration SiO2 sols (8 %), which are characterized by high fluidity and have a long service life, have a predominant effect. The long-term effect of water provides an increase in the fire-retardant properties of impregnated samples in comparison with non-impregnated fabric samples. The concentration and degree of homogeneity of the SiO2 sol have a predominant effect on the flame retardant properties. The surface layer of flame-retardants prevents the final burning and smoldering of the samples after removing the fire source, but does not significantly affect values of flame-retardant properties.

 

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  5. Skorodumova, O., Tarakhno, O., Chebotaryova, O., Saveliev, D., Emen, F. (2021). Investigation of gas formation processes in cotton fabrics impregnated with binary compositions of ethyl silicate-flame retardant system, Materials Science Forum, 1038, 460–467. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.460
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  7. Skorodumova, O., Tarakhno, O., Chebotaryova, O., Bezuglov, O., Emen, F.M. (2021). The use of sol-gel method for obtaining fire-resistant elastic coatings on cotton fabrics. Materials Science Forum, 1038, 468–479. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.468
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Research of the influence of the parameters of the generation and supply systems of compressed air foam

 

Stanislav Vinogradov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-5489

 

Stanislav Shahov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3914-2914

 

Оlexander Polivanov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-1680

 

Dmytro Saveliev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-0437

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-14

 

Keywords: compression foam, generation process, fire extinguishing, compression foam generation and supply system

 

Аnnotation

Based on the analysis of thermodynamic processes, input and output parameters and basic principles of construction of the system of generation and supply of compression foam, it was determined that the essential parameters are the pressure at the compressor outlet, the diameters of the liquid and gas nozzles. With the help of a mathematical model of the compression foam generation process, integrated into the MathLab software environment, a study of the influence of the parameters of the compression foam supply system on its multiplicity was carried out. It was established that an increase in pressure from 4 to 6 bar, as well as an increase in the diameter of the liquid nozzle from 4 to 8 mm, is accompanied by a decrease in multiplicity by 136 %. When the pressure is further increased to 8 bar and the diameter is increased to 12 mm, there is a decrease in the multiplicity by 85 %. In relation to the increase in the value of the factor levels from the lower level to the upper one, there is a decrease in the foam multiplicity by almost 4,2 times. In the case of increasing the pressure and increasing the diameter of the air supply nozzle by 1,5 times, under the given conditions, there is an increase in the multiplicity of almost 2,5 times and is 18. In the case of increasing the pressure by 2 times and increasing the size of the air supply hole by 200 % from the lower levels of the factors in Table 1, there is an increase in the multiplicity of almost 4,5 times. It was established that the foam multiplicity K is affected by the throughput of water Dliq and air Dair nozzles. In the case of an increase or decrease in the water nozzle Dliq, the foam multiplicity K decreases or increases, respectively. The change in the multiplicity K from a change in the diameter of the air nozzle Dair is inversely proportional to the water nozzle Dliq, namely, for an increase or decrease in the diameter of the air nozzle da, the multiplicity K increases or decreases, respectively. Regression equations have been obtained, which allow further determination of the required parameters of systems for generating and supplying compression foam, depending on the foam of which multiplicity must be obtained.

 

References

  1. Dong–Ho, R., Jang–Won, L., Seonwoong, K. (2016). Class B Fire–Extinguishing Performance Evaluationof a Compressed Air Foam System at Differen Air–to–Aqueous Foam Solution Mixing Ratios. Applied Science, 6(191), 2. doi: 10.3390/app6070191
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  6. Feng, D. (2013). Analysis on Influencing Factors of the Gas–liquid Mixing Effect of Compressed Air Foam Systems. Procedia Engineering, 52, 105. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.02.113
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  8. Kun, W., Jun, F., Shanjun, M., Xuqing, L., Jingwu, W. (2020). A theoretical and experimental study of extinguishing compressed air foam on an n-heptane storage tank fire with variable fuel thickness. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 138, 117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2020.03.011
  9. Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Gao, X., Xiao, L. (2022).Experimental study on fire suppression and burn resistance of compressed air foam. Fire Science and Technology, 41(11), 1542. URL:http://www.xfkj.com.cn/EN/Y2022/V41/I11/1542
  10. Shakhov, S. M., Vinogradov, S. A., Kodrik, A. I., Titenko, O. M., Parkhomchyk, O. V. (2020). Mathematical modeling of gas-liquid flow in compressed air foam generation systems. Technology audit and production reserves, 4/3(54), 29. doi:10.15587/2706-5448.2020.210375

 

Study of the influence of crystal hydrates on the fire extinguishing properties of binary layers of porous materials

 

Viktoriya Makarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-1159

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-12

 

Keywords: flammable liquids, binary fireextinguishing system, perlite, vermiculite, foamglass, crystalhydrates

 

Аnnotation

The effect of crystal hydrates on the extinguishing of flammable liquids using binary layers of light porous materials was studied. Na2HPO4·12H2O was selected as a crystal hydrate that exhibits high cooling capacity, great phlegmatizing effect, acceptable melting temperatures and contains combustion inhibitor ions. Three ways of introducing sodium hydrogen phosphate into the composition of the fire-extinguishing system are proposed: pouring Na2HPO4·12H2O crystalline hydrate in a powdery state on the top layer of a binary fire-extinguishing system based on loose materials; introduction of sodium hydrogen phosphate by impregnation of loose material with its saturated aqueous solution; introduction of Na2HPO4·12H2Ointo the fire extinguishing system by covering the loose material with a thin layer of crystalline sodium hydrogen phosphate. Crushed foam glass is used as the bottom layer, which ensures the buoyancy of the system. The use of expanded perlite with a granule size of 1,2±0,2 mm and plate vermiculite with a plate size of 1×2 and 2×5 mm is justified as the top layer with increased insulating properties. On the basis of experimental studies of the influence of sodium hydrogen phosphate on the fire-extinguishing characteristics of binary layers of light porous materials, it was established that the best results were shown by perlite (0,35 cm) soaked in a saturated solution of sodium hydrogen phosphate and vermiculites soaked in the same solution (0,3 cm and 0,5 cm, respectively). Visual observation of the upper layers of the loose material after the quenching process does not indicate significant filling of the cavities between the granules in the loose material with crystal hydrate. This allows us to conclude that the introduction of crystal hydrate into a two-layer fire extinguishing system does not lead to a significant increase in the insulating properties of such systems. Based on this, it was concluded that the introduction of sodium hydrogen phosphate into the composition of the fire extinguishing system leads to a significant inhibition of the process of burning gasoline.

 

References

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  9. Szczepaniak, R., Woroniak, G., Rudzki, R. (2019). Analysis of Energy Storage Capabilities in Hydrated Sodium Acetate Using the Phase Transitions of the First Kind. Springer Proceedingsin Energy, 1043–1055. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13888-2_100
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Determination of remaining tire resource emergency rescue vehicles

 

Volodumur Kokhanenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-5239

 

Sergiy Ragimov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-3348

 

Оlexander Burmenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-2678

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-13

 

Keywords: diagnostics, residual resource, emergency and rescue vehicles, squads, identification of tire damage, tire defects, operation

 

Аnnotation

The special conditions of operation of emergency and rescue vehicles are considered. It is accepted for consideration that these cars, similar to transport cars, are equipped with modern tires that have improved operational characteristics. However, tiresome destruction of the tire components is inherent in the operation of such tires. It was found that the occurrence of destruction increases with the increase in the dimensions of the products, that is, for truck tires, which does not allow to realize the resource of tires due to tread wear and makes them dangerous for further operation. It was established that the presence of defects worsens the heat dissipation from the frame and from all layers of the tire, which increases their thermal stress state. These phenomena lead to the unexpected sudden exit of tires of emergency and rescue vehicles from operation. Therefore, prevention of premature retirement of tires is an urgent scientific and technical problem. It is proposed to check the actual condition of tires during periodic diagnostics of the technical condition of emergency and rescue vehicles and to remove defective tires from service in a timely manner. An analysis of tire damage and methods of determining their defects was carried out. The methods of diagnosing the internal destruction of tires of emergency and rescue vehicles in the conditions of emergency and rescue squads have been developed. It was established that it is possible to determine the serviceability of a tire and estimate the remaining mileage based on the results of measuring its surface temperature fields. On the basis of the conducted research, a method of diagnosing the presence of hidden defects in the tire in the conditions of emergency and rescue squads using a diagnostic stand with running drums has been developed. The obtained data will allow to improve the safety of emergency and rescue vehicles when following them to the place of call, and are important because the question of determining the remaining tire life of an emergency and rescue vehicle in operation has not yet been addressed.

 

References

  1. Kokhanenko, V. B., Ragimov, S. Yu. (2022). The influence of tire defects on Traffic safety emergency rescue car. Problemni nadzvichajnih situacij, 35, 186–197. doi:10.52636/2524-0226-2022-35-14
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Efficiency of technical means of notifying aircraft passengers in emergency situations

 

Serhii Rudakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-0476

 

Oleg Kulakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

 

Oksana Myrgorod

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3435

 

Olena Petukhova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-1255

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-36-11

 

Keywords: emergency situation, expert, assessment, complex of means of informing passengers, coefficient of competence, coefficient of assessment

 

Аnnotation

 

An expert method of researching the effectiveness of a complex of technical means of informing passenger aircraft in the event of an emergency situation in high-altitude flight conditions is proposed. An improved generalized model of the effectiveness of the application of individual and collective technical means of informing passengers and crew members in the event of an emergency situation, which is described by appropriate features, the composition of which is determined by a group of experts – highly qualified specialists in the aviation industry. The determination of such features for the object of selection by the expert method solves the task of finding weighted coefficients by ranking the relevant coefficients and comparing them with each other. An assessment of the effectiveness of a set of scientifically based technical solutions for informing passengers of aircraft in the event of an emergency has been carried out. Such assessment was carried out by highly qualified experts in the field of air transportation. The results of expert decisions were processed using mathematical methods. Research results are obtained with the help of instrumental measurements, for which standardized methods of processing measurement results are established. The results of the collective examination of the effectiveness of the use of technical means of informing passengers were obtained using the method of ranking the weighted coefficients of the quantitative rating scale. The results of the research were obtained by calculating quantitative estimates of the significance of the source information, which corresponds to the combination of sources of argumentation, taking into account their influence on the opinion of the expert. Quantitative values of qualification assessments corresponding to different levels of expert awareness were also proposed. The results of an expert survey of a group of specialists in the field of aviation safety regarding the effectiveness of the use of technical means of individual and collective informing of aircraft passengers in emergency situations of high-altitude flight are presented. This made it possible to determine the effectiveness and priority of the use of these technical means in the event of an emergency and to save the lives of many aircraft passengers.

 

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