Geometric modeling of pneumatic shaped surfaces of rotation, reinforced by winding thread

Kutsenko Leonid

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-8848

Rudenko Svetlana

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5688-0639

Kalynovskyi Andrii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

Polivanov Oleksandr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-1680

Sukharkova Olena

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4728

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-15

Keywords: meridian of the surface of revolution, average curvature of the surface, corrugated surface of revolution, reinforcement by thread winding

Аnnotation

A scheme is proposed for calculating the geometric forms of the family of meridians of a rubber pneumatic shaped surface of rotation depending on the function of changing the average curvature along the axis of this surface. It is proposed to strengthen the resulting shaped surface of rotation by winding the thread along the geodesic curves of the found surface. A method has been developed for determining the approximate shape of the elements of the family of meridians of the pneumatic surface of rotation. In addition, constructed surfaces of revolution, strengthened by winding threads along their geodesic lines, depending on the function of changing the curvature of the meridian. As a result, images of geodesic curves on shaped surfaces of revolution were obtained. The construction of a geodesic thread winding on a corrugated surface is generalized for the case of a sawtooth-shaped meridian. It is advisable to model a pneumatic surface based on calculating its average curvature. Since the value of the average curvature of the interface between two balanced physical media is proportional to the difference in pressure values in these media. By varying the average curvature of the surface, you can choose the amount of pressure that the pneumatic product will withstand. Approximate descriptions of the shape of the meridian of the shaped surface of revolution are obtained by solving the direct and inverse problems. The parameters of geodetic winding are calculated depending on the given meridian curvature function. The construction of geodesic winding of a thread on a corrugated surface is generalized for the case of a sawtooth-shaped meridian. For practice, the studies conducted are useful and important, since they provide calculations of rational pneumatic products intended for use during emergency rescue operations.

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Рatterns of the occurrence of fires in cities during marital state

Kovalenko Roman

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7601

Nazarenko Sergii

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0335

Muhlyk Eduard

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4850-3566

Ostapov Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-741X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-13

Keywords: fire, statistical hypothesis, law of distribution, emergency and rescue formation, Pearson's test

Аnnotation

The process of occurrence of fires in Ukrainian cities with a population of more than 500000 people was studied. The subject of the study is statistical patterns that allow us to describe the process of fire occurrence in Ukrainian cities with a population of more than 500000 people. Data on fires that occurred in the period from 2021 to 2023 have been processed. Statistical data for each city and each year were studied separately. Among statistical regularities, normal and discrete laws of distribution were considered, namely: normal, exponential, gamma, lognormal, chi-square, Poisson and geometric. It was expected that the process of the occurrence of fires can be described by the Poisson distribution law, given that many of the previously analyzed works considered this to be the case. It was established that neither before the introduction of martial law nor after its introduction, the process of occurrence of fires in Ukrainian cities with a population of more than 500000 people cannot be described by the Poisson distribution law. Instead, in some cases, this process can be described by an exponential distribution law, which is not entirely clear. In addition, no dependence was found between the calculated values of the standard deviation and the investigated statistical regularities of the occurrence of fires. The study is limited by the fact that it is not possible to compare the obtained results with other similar studies carried out between 2021 and 2023 for other cities around the world. The main drawback of these studies is that the possibility of obtaining statistical data on fires for previous periods in the cities of Ukraine is limited. Accordingly, it does not allow determining which statistical laws of distribution described or did not describe the process of the occurrence of fires in that time period. In the future, it is planned to investigate the possibility of establishing a distribution law for the process of fire occurrence in cities with a population of less than 500000 people.

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Аnalysis of characteristic defects of fire tanker tires and methods of their determination

Kohanenko Vlаdіmіr

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-5239

Kryvoshei Borys

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-14

Keywords: fire truck, radial tire, thermal radiation, defects, reliability, stratification, safety

Аnnotation

In this article, the characteristic defects of tires that arise due to the specific modes of operation of emergency and rescue vehicles and fire trucks are defined, and a methodology for their determination in the conditions of the State fire and rescue units is developed. Today, the condition of tires is determined in research laboratories and with the help of special equipment. Tires operated by units of the State Fire and Rescue Service are not monitored. It has been established that most fire truck tires are in service longer than specified by the manufacturer, because they still have an unworn tread. Therefore, the internal condition of such tires is unreliable, with existing defects, with fatigue of the rubber material of the tire, which cannot be detected without special equipment. Circumstances related to the conduct of military operations lead to the movement of fire tankers on a damaged (as a result of enemy shelling) road surface, at increased speed and with weight overloads, which affects the temperature of tires. High temperature accelerates the growth of defects to critical dimensions and leads to the destruction of tires. Therefore, it is not enough to monitor their external condition, as tires accumulate internal tiring destruction and manufacturing defects. As a result of the conducted research, it was established that the thermal radiation of the tire indicates the presence of internal destruction, which means that it makes it possible to determine its integrity. The paper solves the scientific and practical task of creating a methodology for determining hidden defects in a tire. The developed method of identifying hidden defects in the tires of fire trucks will allow determining their operational suitability. The research results obtained by me will increase the safety of following fire tankers to the place of call and during the performance of actions as assigned. These data are very important, as they reduce the probability of an unexpected sudden exit of fire truck tires from operation.

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Аssessment of excess pressure during accidents at oil refineries

Kalchenko Yaroslav

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3482-0782

Afanasenko Kostiantyn

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1877-1551

Vavreniuk Sergеi

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6396-9906

Pisklova Daria

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9521-7006

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-12

Keywords: excess explosion pressure, oil spill, oil tanks, consequences of accidents

Аnnotation

Аssessed the excess explosion pressure during an accident on oil tanks. In the studies, three cases of accidents were considered: local depressurization of the oil tank, full depressurization of the oil tank without the formation of a breakthrough wave and full depressurization with the formation of a breakthrough wave of the oil. The study was conducted for tanks with a volume of 10.000 m³. The paper considers a mathematical model of the overpressure of the explosion of vapors evaporated from a oil spill in the event of these accidents. According to this mathematical model, graphs of the dependence of excess explosion pressure on the radius were built. From the analysis of these graphs, numerical values of the radii of buildings damage degreewere determined . In case of full depressurization of the oil tank with the formation of a breakthrough wave, the radii of buildings damage degreewill be significantly larger than in the case of full depressurization without the formation of a breakthrough wave, which is due to a significant increase in the area of evaporation of the oil. It is determined that the presence of a serviceable dike can significantly reduce the consequences of accidents that can occur when damaged oil tanks. The radii on which a person will suffer damage of various degrees of complexity from the explosion of oil product vapors during their spill as a result of an accident on oil tanks are determined. It was established that for the case of local and full depressurization of a tank with an oil product without the formation of a breakthrough wave, a person will not receive too severe affections from a shock wave. In this case, for the case of full depressurization of the oil tank with the formation of a breakthrough wave, this distance will be at least 535 meters. The obtained results allow to assess the consequences of accidents on oil tanks and can be used to determine the distances of personnel and their special protective clothing.

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