Silicophosphate fireproof coatings for building finishing materials

 

Lysak Nataliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5338-4704

 

Skorodumova Olga

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

 

Chernukha Anton

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

 

Sharshanov Andrew

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-3453

 

Goncharenko Yana

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-3244

 

Shcherbak Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-0120

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-6

 

Keywords: silica, fire-resistant coatings, phosphate buffers, building materials, heat resistance, fire resistance, wood, expanded polystyrene

 

Аnnotation

 

The composition of silicophosphate composition based on liquid glass for fire protection of building finishing materials has been developed. The compositions were prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of liquid glass and acetic acid with the addition of phosphate buffer solutions with a pH of 6–8. The phase composition of the experimental compositions was investigated by infrared spectroscopy and the formation of Si–O–P bonds was established, which indicates the incorporation of phosphate ions into the siloxane framework of polysilicic acid gels. It was established that the polycondensation mechanism is influenced by the pH value of the phosphate buffer solution, as well as its content. The use of a buffer solution with a pH of 6 leads to the initialization of mainly net polycondensation in liquid glass sols. Increasing the pH to 7–8 ensures linear polycondensation of polysilicic acid, which increases the homogeneity of the gel coating, provides elasticity, and increases its fire-retardant effect. Conducted fire tests showed that the best fire-resistant properties have systems with a buffer solution content of 20–25 % with a pH of 7, which provide maximum resistance to fire and minimal loss of mass of samples during exposure to high temperatures. For such compositions, the 1st group of flame retardant efficiency is established, and the treatment of wood samples with them allows the material to be transferred to the "high-flammability" group. Extruded polystyrene samples covered with the developed compositions do not burn, the absence of burning drops is noted. The obtained results emphasize the prospects for the further development of such systems for the protection of building materials.

 

References

 

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  2. Varganici, C., Rosu, L., Bifulco, A., Rosu, D., Mustata, F., Gaan, S. (2022). Recent advances in flame retardant epoxy systems from reactive DOPO–based phosphorus additives. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 202, 110020. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110020
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  4. Yan, Y., Liang, B. (2019). Flame-retardant behavior and mechanism of a DOPO-based phosphorus–nitrogen flame retardant in epoxy resin. High Performance Polymers, 31(8), 885–892. doi:10.1177/0954008318805794
  5. Giraudo, M., Dubé, M., Lépine, M., Gagnon, P., Douville, M., Houde, M. (2017). Multigenerational effects evaluation of the flame retardant tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) using Daphnia magna. Aquatic Toxicology, 190, 142–149. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.07.003
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    2015.03.028
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Interaction of an electromagnetic wave with the surface of a real explosive substance.

 

Karpov Artem

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9895-1574

 

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

 

Kulakov Oleg

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

 

Basmanov Oleksii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

 

Mykhailovska Yuliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-5

 

Keywords: dielectric properties, electromagnetic radiation, explosive substance, humanitarian demining, reflection coefficient, wave polarization

 

Аnnotation

 

To develop the theoretical basis for the effective detection and neutralization of explosive substances using electromagnetic radiation. The problem of detecting explosives is extremely relevant in the modern world. The development of new methods based on the physical principles of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter is a promising area of research. An electrodynamic model of the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with the surface of a VR has been developed. The model takes into account an arbitrary angle of incidence of the wave and two main polarizations – TM and TE. Maxwell’s equations with the corresponding boundary conditions at the interface between two media (air – explosive substance) were used to solve the electrodynamics problems. Different types of explosive substances with different dielectric properties were considered as objects of study. To solve the problem, numerical modeling based on the finite difference method was used. The modeling allowed us to calculate the energy coefficients of reflection, refraction, and absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the explosives. It was found that the efficiency of interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a radiation source significantly depends on the angle of its incidence. The optimal incidence angle for most of the studied radiation sources is in the range of 60 to 75 degrees. For the VRs with low dielectric losses, the influence of the dielectric loss tangent on the imaginary part of the refractive angle is insignificant. This indicates that for such materials the main mechanism of interaction is the reflection of an electromagnetic wave. It has been shown that the energy refractive index has a local extreme (maximum) in the range of incident angles from 65 to 85 degrees. The energy reflection coefficient for a plane electromagnetic wave with vertical polarization increases with the increase of the real part of the relative permittivity according to a law close to the logarithmic law for incident angles less than 60 degrees.

 

References

 

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  11. Salam, A., Raza, U., Salam, A., Raza, U. (2020). Electromagnetic characteristics of the soil. Signals in the Soil: Developments in Internet of Underground Things, 39–59. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-50861-6_2
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  14. Kustov, M., Kulakov, O., Karpov, A., Basmanov, O., Mykhailovska, Yu. (2024). Elektrodynamichna model vzaiemodii elektromahnitnoi khvyli z poverkhneiu vybukhonebezpechnoi rechovyny. Problemy nadzvychainykh sytuatsii: Naukovyi zhurnal, Kharkiv: NUCZU, 1(39), 81–95. doi: 10.52363/2524-0226-2024-39-6
  15. Zhou, Q., Yao, X., Hu, J. (2021). Study on the propagation characteristic of electromagnetic wave based on WUSN. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, 35(13), 1708–1718. doi: 10.1080/09205071.2021.1915882

 

 

Selection of the most effective means of extinguishing flammable liquids.

 

Kireev Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Hapon Yuliana

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-5657

 

Chyrkina-Kharlamova Maryna

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-9142

 

Slepuzhnikov Yevhen

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

 

Cherkashyn Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3383-7803

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-3

 

Keywords: fire extinguishing efficiency, gel-forming flammable liquids, economic parameters, quick-setting foam system, bulk materials

 

Аnnotation

 

The paper compares the effectiveness of existing and new means of extinguishing tanks with a fixed roof containing flammable liquids. Flammable liquids are considered as combustible liquids. It is substantiated that high fire extinguishing characteristics when extinguishing flammable substances can be provided by means in which the dominant mechanism of combustion termination is the isolation of the liquid surface from the combustion zone. Currently, worldwide regulatory documents require the use of air-mechanical foams as the main means of extinguishing liquids. But they have a number of disadvantages. One of them is the low resistance of the foam to the heat flow from the flame of the burning liquid. As an alternative to air-mechanical foams, it is proposed to consider the recently developed fast-curing foams, as well as foam-glass + gel, foam-glass + bulk material, and foam-glass + bulk material + water systems. To compare the properties of new fire extinguishing systems and air-mechanical foams, it is proposed to use a quantitative complex parameter of the effectiveness of fire extinguishing agents. This parameter takes into account the financial costs of: fire extinguishing agents, their storage, processing or disposal after the expiration of their storage period; equipment and its operation; involvement of additional equipment and personnel, compensation for losses from the extinguishing process; compensation for environmental damage from fire extinguishing agents. In general, the comprehensive efficiency parameter is calculated as the sum of the seven selected financial components. At the first stage, it is proposed to use a simplified scoring option for calculating the complex economic parameter of efficiency. To do this, the components of efficiency are determined by the method of expert assessments. The highest value of the complex efficiency parameter was shown by two fire extinguishing systems: foam glass + bulk material and foam glass + bulk material + water. For these systems, it is proposed to conduct appropriate experimental studies on model fires of large size.

 

References

 

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budstandart.com/ua/catalog/doc-page.html?id_doc=71121

Model of forced deposition of heavy dangerous gases

 

Lesko Andrei

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2053-2362

 

Kulakov Oleg

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

 

Serhii Domoleha

Research Institute of Military Intelligence

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9796-9181

 

Manzhura Svyatoslav

National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9258-9320

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-4

 

Keywords: gas density, gas sorption, forced deposition, heavy gases, forecasting the consequences of an accident, Navier-Stokes equation

 

Аnnotation

 

A model of diffusion spreading in the atmosphere of dangerous chemicals with a density greater than atmospheric air is developed. The model was created by solving the Navier-Stokes equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The peculiarity of the obtained model is the consideration of the process of forced deposition of gas by a finely dispersed liquid flow of different intensity during gas propagation. In this case, deposition occurs due to the processes of gas sorption by liquid droplets. It is established that the propagation of heavy gases in the atmosphere shows signs of fluid flow, and the resulting model is a transitional option between systems of gas diffusion models and hydrodynamic models of fluid flow. Taking into account the assumption of gas incompressibility due to the significant difference in sound speeds between the gas under study and air allowed us to obtain a simplified view of the transient regime. The modelling results for chlorine emissions from a point source showed that the effect of wind speed is much smaller compared to ammonia, which increases the importance of the contribution of the diffusion process. The resulting model allows predicting the size of the chemical damage zone in the event of accidents involving the release of heavy gases with their active deposition by stationary and mobile sprayers. In practice, water curtains at the technological openings of heavy gas storage and operation facilities can be considered as stationary sprayers. The work of rescue units at the incident site can be considered as mobile sprayers. Refinement of the results of forecasting the consequences of emergencies involving the release of hazardous gases will improve the accuracy of the design of the safety system at such facilities and help in making effective management decisions in the elimination of emergencies of this nature.

 

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Temperature distribution patterns of a steel beam with fire protection from gypsum board during fire

 

Zaika Nataliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-5709

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-2

 

Keywords: modeling, standard fire temperature regime, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, fire protection, plasterboard

 

Аnnotation

 

The article examines the temperature distribution in steel beams from the HEB 200 profile with fire protection in the form of plasterboard plates under the influence of the standard fire temperature regime. The calculation was carried out in the ANSYS WB software package to determine the dependence of the temperature in the steel structure on the time of exposure to fire. The model allows for a detailed assessment of heat transfer in materials with different thermophysical characteristics, in particular, variable heat capacity and thermal conductivity of steel and plasterboard. The use of plasterboard as a fire-resistant coating is justified by its ability to slow down the heating of steel. This approach makes it possible to significantly increase the fire resistance of steel structures while maintaining their mechanical integrity. The obtained results showed that the maximum temperature in a steel beam with plasterboard fire protection does not exceed 443 °С even with a duration of fire exposure of 60 minutes, which assumes compliance with the fire resistance class R60. The constructed graph of the dependence of the maximum temperature on the time of exposure to fire confirmed the effectiveness of fire protection with plasterboard and the high accuracy of the approximation of the model (the coefficient of de-termination R²=0.9923), which indicates the reliability of the results. The proposed model and approach can be used to assess the fire resistance of other steel structural elements, in particular, to select optimal fire-resistant materials. The research is relevant in the context of the development of cost-effective and effective methods of protecting building structures from the effects of high fire temperatures. The method of modeling fire protection in steel beams provides an opportunity to determine the temperature regimes that occur in real fire conditions, and to develop recommendations for increasing the fire resistance of steel structures, especially in modern buildings, where the optimization of material and resource costs is important.

 

References

 

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