Research of parameters of explosive zones of reservoirs with light oil products

 

Oleg Kulakov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-1949

 

Albert Katunin

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2171-4558

 

Yuliia Mykhailovska

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-5033

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-10

 

Keywords: explosive zone, reservoir, light oil products, explosive environment, wind speed, speed of source

 

Аnnotation

Classes and sizes of explosive zones of reservoirs are set with light oil products depending on the terms of their storage: into a reservoir, round respiratory to the valve that does not eliminate the coil of dangerous vapour from a reservoir in an atmosphere, and during rapid uncatastrophic depressurization of reservoir. Calculations came true by three methods: by the calculation method of determination of hypothetical volume, calculation method with the use of nomograms and determined method. The calculations executed by the determined method do not answer the results got with the use of calculation methods. Calculations, determinations of hypothetical volume conducted by a method, the high sizes of explosive zones give pain in comparing to got a method with the use of nomograms. Classes and sizes of zones after the determined method are fixed and case insensitive environment. Into a reservoir the explosive zone of class takes place 0. Round a respiratory to the valve reservoir depending on the rate of movement evaporation through opening to the valve at different speeds of wind at normal terms after calculation methods time of existence of explosive zone is maximal in default of the forced dispersion of explosive mixture. At the increase of rate of movement evaporation through opening of respiratory to the valve increase of radius of explosive zone it takes place on a logarithmic law. The change of temperature results in the insignificant change of radius. During depressurization of reservoir of increase of radius of explosive zone at the increase of speed of source takes place also on a logarithmic law. Radius of zone, got the method of determination of hypothetical volume have in two times exceeds the radius expected by a method with the use of nomograms. A maximally possible radius presents a 20 m and 9 m accordingly at speed of source of petrol 10 kg/s a radius is fixed the Determined method at the level of a 3 m for all terms of source.

 

References

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  20. ISO/IEC 80079-20-1. (2017). Explosive atmospheres – Part 20-1: Material characteristics for gas and vapour classification – Test methods and data, 176. Retrieve from https://www.iso.org/standard/69556.html

 

Improvement of the probability model of a typical fragment of the departmental digital telecommunications network of the SESU

 

Andrew Feshchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-6428

 

Alexander Zakora

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9042-6838

 

Larisa Borisova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6554-1949

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-9

 

Keywords: digital telecommunication network, reliability, probability of trouble-free operation, emergency situation

 

Аnnotation

The analysis of working conditions of constituent elements, hierarchy of structure of departmental digital telecommunication network allows to consider it as set of standard fragments which are executed without reservation, and with repeated reservation of the central, regional, regional knots connected by communication channels for which block diagrams are developed. reliability and probabilistic models taking into account the standardized operating parameters of these elements. It is shown that the required reliability of the telecommunication network is achieved by increasing the reliability of its elements and multiplicity of redundancy, with uncertain influence on the maintenance of equipment, so studies of the dependence of the probability of good condition of the redundancy of the corresponding network nodes and communication channels and are given in the form of analytical and graphic materials of statistical mathematical modeling. As a result of research it is established that in order to reduce the requirements for the reliability of the elements of a typical fragment of the departmental digital telecommunications network it is enough to use structural separate double redundancy of nodes of different hierarchies in the presence of triple redundancy. Research data are useful and important to increase the probability of good condition of a typical fragment of the departmental telecommunications network as at the design stage by choosing the structure and multiplicity of redundancy nodes not only at the central level but also at regional and district level nodes. maintenance of nodes and communication channels depending on the ratio of the period of preventive maintenance to the time of operation to failure.

 

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  11. Feshchenko, A., Zakora, O., Borysova, L., (2021). Rozrobka imovirnisnoyi modeli typovoho frahmenta vidomchoyi tsyfrovoyi telekomunikatsiynoyi merezhi DSNS. Problems of Emergency Situations, 1(33), 222–233. URL: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13957, doi: 52363/2524-0226-2021-33-17

 

Silicon protective coatings for textile materials based on liquid glass

 

Olga Skorodumova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

 

Olena Tarakhno

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-9874

 

Olena Chebotareva

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-8700

 

Kateryna Bajanova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-6759

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-8

 

Keywords: liquid glass, siliceous coatings, fire protection of textile materials, fire resistance, sol-gel method

 

Аnnotation

The problem of development of technological principles of obtaining silica coatings on the basis of stable concentrated SiO2 sols on the basis of liquid glass is solved in the work. The composition was developed and SiO2 sols based on liquid glass of technical purity were obtained by mixing a solution of liquid glass and acetic acid. Experimental coatings on tissues were prepared by the bath method. After applying each coating layer and removing excess sol, the experimental samples were dried by heating in an oven at (60–80) ºС. The resulting silicic acid solution is characterized by pH5-6, has sufficient resistance to coagulation for about an hour. To improve the quality of impregnation of fabric threads with the composition, ethanol was added in the amount of 5 to 15 vol. %. The obtained compositions were examined by spectrophotometric (CPK-2) and microscopic (Digital Microscope S10) 1000x methods of analysis. The behavior of experimental sols in the induction period of maturation was studied and it was found that the viability of sols increases with increasing alcohol content. It is shown that small amounts of alcohol lead to a decrease in the buffer capacity of the composition and, accordingly, to a decrease in the viability of sols. The alcohol content of 15 vol. % significantly increases the survivability of the sol. The influence of alcohol content on fire-retardant properties of impregnated tissue samples was studied. It has been shown that regardless of the concentration of the SiO2 sol, 10 % ethanol must be added to the composition to improve the fire-retardant properties of the impregnated tissues. After the fire tests, the fabrics have a fairly dense structure, but all the threads have become much thinner. All samples did not lose their elasticity, the coating did not crumble. Given that the stability of impregnated fabric samples compared to non-impregnated samples increased
5–7 times, it can be concluded that the use of SiO2 sols based on liquid glass for fire protection of textile materials is promising.

 

References

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  2. Alongi, J., Ciobanu, M., Malucelli, G. (2012). Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of cotton fabrics treated with inorganic coatings synthesized through sol–gel processes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(3), 2093–2099. doi:1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.032
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  4. Paul, B., Mahmud-Ali, A., Lenninger, M., Eberle, S., Bernt, I., Mayer, D., Bechtold, T. (2022). Silica incorporated cellulose fibres as green concept for textiles with reduced flammability. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 195, 109808. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109808
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  16. Kundu, C. K., Song, L., Hu, Y. (2020). Nanoparticles based coatings for multifunctional Polyamide 66 textiles with improved flame retardancy and hydrophilicity. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 112, 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2020.07.013

 

Improvement of the method of calculation of explosive charges for destruction of emergency buildings

 

Ihor Tolkunov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-3120

 

Hryhorii Ivanets

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-5265

 

Ivan Popov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-4404

 

Oleg Smirnov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-8700

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-6

 

Keywords: explosive, explosive method of destruction of emergency buildings, TNT drill

 

Аnnotation

A comparative analysis of existing methods for determining the quantitative and geometric indicators of explosive charges used to justify the decisions made by the heads of pyrotechnic units of the Central Command of the SES of Ukraine for the collapse of emergency buildings and structures unsuitable for further use. Based on the analysis, the method of calculating the mass and dimensions of explosive charges for the collapse of emergency buildings and structures was improved, which consisted in taking into account both the structural indicators of explosive charges and qualitative characteristics of explosives used by pyrotechnic units. The analytical dependencies of the existing methods take into account the value of the charge reduction factor of the explosive, which allows to more accurately quantify the charges of explosive charges and guaranteed to perform tasks for the pyrotechnic unit, which in turn reduces dangerous and unpredictable consequences for personnel and environment. The results of research and proposed improvements were confirmed during the practical implementation of the task of destroying the real brick chimney, located on the territory of «TEREN INVEST» in Ternopol, which was destroyed by explosives in 2020 by forces and means of pyrotechnic emergency. rescue squad of special purpose of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine in Ternopol region. This allowed to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of demolition of an emergency building or structure unsuitable for further use, explosive method, which is to take into account the characteristics and importance of the task solved by the pyrotechnic unit, design characteristics of explosive charges and their spatial location, and quality characteristics of the substances themselves, which will allow a more balanced and accurate implementation of engineering decisions on the collapse of emergency buildings and structures in an explosive manner.

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  4. Jayeshkumar, R., Jaydevbhai, J., Pranav, Patel. (2015). Demolition: methods and comparision. International Conference on: «Engineering: Issues, opportunities and Challenges for Development» (ISBN: 978-81-929339-1-7). Umrakh, Bardoli: S.N. Patel Institute of Technology & Research Centre, 11th April, 2015. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/15CE020PNP-JRP-JJBDEMOLITION METHODS11-03-2015%20(1).pdf
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Improvement of supply of gel-forming compositions by extinguishing unit with elongated crankshaft

 

Kostiantyn Ostapov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1275-741X

 

Iurii Senchykhin

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-2747

 

Vadim Avetisyan

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-2794

 

Ihor Gritsina

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2581-1614

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-7

 

Keywords: gel-forming compositions, elongated barrel, extinguishing unit, finely sprayed jet, model hearth

 

Аnnotation

 

This new installation allows extinguishing with gel-forming compounds from a distance of 3–5 m to the center of the fire, ensuring the safety of firefighters. A full-scale sample of the original two-knee sprayer of the knapsack installation was designed, manufactured and tested. Experimental studies have shown that its use due to compactness in the folded state and ease of deployment in the working position, provides ease of transportation and efficiency of operation in rapidly changing fire conditions, especially in high-rise buildings. With the supply of gel-forming compositions in finely divided form, a reduction in their cost for extinguishing the hearth is achieved, compared to previously proposed technical solutions, 1,5 times. To determine the effective value of the dispersion and intensity of spraying of gel-forming compositions in mathematical models of the cost of extinguishing the model hearth and the time of its extinguishing, polynomials of the second degree are used. Unknown coefficients are determined by the standard least squares method. As a result, rational values of droplet diameter (1 mm) and feed intensity (0,6 l/s) of gel-forming compositions were determined, which provided the technical optimum of their use. Thus, it was found that the parameters of extinguishing the model hearth 1A finely sprayed gelling compositions correspond to a total consumption of 2,5 kg, which is 3,5 times less than water.

 

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