The identification of hydrocarbons cluster structure by melting point

 

Dmitry Tregubov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-822X

 

Olena Tarahno

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-9874

 

Dmitry Sokolov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7772-6577

 

Flora Tregubova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2497-7396

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-7

 

Keywords: cluster, structure of matter, melting point, mass burnout rate, oscillation,

hydrocarbons, calculation

 

Аnnotation

 

The presence of oscillatory changes in the substance properties in homologous series of hydrocarbons, in particular for the melting point, is analyzed. A method for predicting the mass burnout rate of normal structure alcohols and alkanes on the basis of melting point values to account for oscillations is presented. It is proved that the tendency to increase melting temperatures depending on the number of carbon atoms in the molecule for selected homologous series of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes of normal structure) has a certain oscillation by the principle of "even-odd" molecules or gradation deviation from linearity. It is shown that the similarity of this dependence between homologous series arises if alkenes and alkynes are considered as shorter molecules than the corresponding alkanes, and cycloalkanes – as longer. It is accepted as a working hypothesis that this is due to the presence of the smallest structural unit of matter in the clusters form with a certain coordination number. The oscillation properties of the substance are explained by the fact that clustering can occur both at the final carbon site in the molecule and at other carbons in the chain of the molecule, and this fact depends on the "parity-oddness". Based on the known values of melting temperatures in homologous series, the possible structure of clusters is proposed. It is shown that the obtained values of equivalent lengths for these clusters correlate with the corresponding melting temperatures. This correlation is described by the third degree polynomial, which gives an approximation coefficient of 0.995 and a mean deviation of 7.1 K. An approximation formula for calculating these classes melting point of hydrocarbons based on the values of equivalent molecular weight and cluster length has been developed. This calculation is characterized by an approximation factor of 0.997 and a mean deviation of 4.2 K. Emphasis is placed on the possibility of improving the calculation convergence with the substance properties, provided that the structure of the clusters is clarified.

 

References

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Calculation and experimental method for estimating fire resistance of fireproof steel structures

 

Andrii Kovalov

Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-7558

 

Yurii Otrosh

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-2888

 

Vitalii Tomenko

Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-9141

 

Oleksandr Pirogov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-0801

 

Nataliia Morkovska

Kharkiv National University of Municipal Economy named after O. M. Beketova

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5265-2025

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-6

 

Keywords: fire resistance, fire resistance assessment method, fire protection, building constructions, fire-retardant ability, fire temperature regimes

Аnnotation

Physical and mathematical models for assessing the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures have been developed. An algorithm is used, which includes experimental and computational procedures in determining the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures. The initial and boundary conditions for the construction of these models are formulated, which allow to predict the fire resistance of the fire-resistant steel structure with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations. The peculiarity of the developed models is taking into account the thermophysical characteristics of steel structures and fire-retardant coatings, the peculiarities of the formation of fire regimes. Based on the proposed physical and mathematical models, a computational and experimental method for estimating the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures has been developed. The adequacy of the developed method was checked when assessing the fire resistance of a fire-retardant steel column. A computer model of a fire-retardant steel column was built to simulate nonstationary heating of such a system in the FRIEND software package. The results of determining the convergence of experimental data on the duration of fire exposure at the standard temperature to reach the critical temperature of steel with the results of numerical simulations in the software package FRIEND. Based on the comparison of the experimental results and numerical simulations, a conclusion is made about the adequacy of the developed model to the real processes that occur when heating fire-retardant steel columns without applying a load under fire conditions at standard fire temperature.

 

References

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  11. Kovalov, A., Slovinskyi, V., Udianskyi, M., Ponomarenko, I., Anszczak, M. (2020). Research of fireproof capability of coating for metal constructions using calculation-experimental method. In Materials Science Forum. 1006 MSF, 3–10. Trans Tech Publications Ltd. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1006.3
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Development of a method for remote delivery of extinguishing composition in a container shaped like a dumbbell

 

Leonid Kutsenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1554-8848

 

Andrii Kalynovskyi

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

 

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Borys Kryvoshei

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

 

Elena Sukharkova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1033-4728

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-4

 

Keywords: geometric modeling, dumbbell-shaped container, Lagrange equations of the second kind, rotational-translational motion of the container

 

Аnnotation

A geometric model of a new method of delivering extinguishing agents to the fire zone is proposed. The delivery idea is based on a mechanical throwing operation. For this, the substance is placed in a hard shell - a special container. After being delivered to the fire site by means of the launching device, the container must collapse and release a substance that will contribute to extinguishing the fire. New in the proposed method of delivery is the use of two weights spaced at a certain distance, connected by a rod. This modernization made it possible to abandon the traditional cylindrical containers and the use of air guns as launching devices. After all, the disadvantage of the "cannon" fire extinguishing technology lies in the difficulty of imparting axial rotation to the cylindrical container to ensure the stability of its movement. In the proposed method of delivery, the initiation of the movement of the dumbbell-container is carried out using a special launching device. It provides the simultaneous action of two explosive impulses directed at the centers of mass of each dumbbell weight in a pre-calculated manner. As a result of the start, the dumbbell acquires a rotational-translational movement in the vertical plane. To describe the dynamics of the dumbbell movement, a Lagrangian was determined, and a system of Lagrange differential equations of the second kind was compiled and solved. Examples of modeling the trajectories of the centers of mass of the dumbbell weights in the vertical plane are given. The main advantages of the new method include the possibility of separate delivery of extinguishing agents to the fire zone. Since there are substances for which the fire extinguishing effect is significantly increased as a result of their mixing directly in the combustion zone. Therefore, it is advisable to use the proposed delivery method as the basis for a new fire extinguishing technology.

 

References

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Environmental risk assessment due to the impact of communal facilities on surface waters

 

Vitalii Bezsonnyi

Simon Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8089-7724

 

Roman Ponomarenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-3108

 

Oleg Tretyakov

LLC «IPRIS-PROFILE» Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0457-9553

 

Oleksandr Burmenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-2678

 

Pavlo Borodych

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9933-8498

 

Kostiantyn Karpets

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-7647

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-5

 

Keywords: ecological status of the water body, ecological risk, water pollution index

Аnnotation

For the first time, a comparative analysis of two methods for determining the environmental risk of natural surface water body based on real averaged data from long-term observations of the Seversky Donets River, located near Izyum in the area of wastewater discharge from municipal water supply and sewerage company. The combinatorial index of water pollution is calculated and an integrated assessment of the ecological status of surface waters is obtained, which is based on the multiplicity of exceedances of the maximum allowable concentration of individual components. It is established that the wastewater of the enterprise worsens the condition of the studied water because the values of the index 500 m to the discharge site (fluctuations in the range from 6.30 to 8.08) are greater than the value of KIZV 500 m below the discharge site (fluctuations in the range from 6.93 to 8.15), especially the warm period of the year. For the first time it was established that the use of "Method 1" of environmental risk assessment by hydrochemical parameters of the water body does not give an objective description of the risk of hazardous objects on water resources and makes it impossible to reliably assess the degree of environmental risk from sewage. the calculated risk indicators 500 m below the discharge site range from 0.91 to 1.15. It has been proven that the risk assessment according to "Method 2" depends entirely on the values of the water pollution index, and is obtained by arithmetic operations with the index and certain constants, which indicates the subjectivity of the approach and low reliability of environmental risk assessment. The results of the calculation obtained by "Method 2" show that the impact of wastewater increases the value of environmental risk, in particular for July - September - from acceptable to unacceptable (values from 8.81‧10-7 to 1.57‧10-6). However, this technique does not give a correct numerical value for risk values exceeding 4.99∙10-6.

 

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Evaluation of protective efficiency of filter respirators in selection and operation

 

Serhii Cheberiachko

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-4393

 

Oleg Deryugin

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2456-7664

 

Olena Sharovatova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-2189

 

Tatiana Lutsenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7373-4548

 

Mykola Naumov

Dnipro University of Technology

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9748-2506

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-3

 

Keywords: ignition of materials, gaseous indoor environment, amplitude instantaneous spectrum, phase instantaneous spectrum

 

Аnnotation

The influence of errors and inconsistencies on the protective effectiveness of filter respirators during the process of their selection and operation, which is due to the need to assess occupational risks in the selection of filter respirators. The method of functional resonance analysis of the study was used to model the development of different scenarios through the description of the functions of the process of selection and operation of respiratory protection, which will lead to deterioration of workers' protection based on the time of operation, availability of necessary resources and appropriate level of control. The main functions in the selection and operation of personal respiratory protection, which depend on the analysis of working conditions, justification for the choice of personal respiratory protection, checking the adequacy and features of the operation of filter respirators based on input data, operating time of possible prerequisites, required resources and appropriate level control. To describe the variability of functions, it is proposed to consider four scenarios based on their timely and accurate implementation, which allowed to present possible errors in the selection and operation of filter respirators and their consequences for effective protection of the worker given the development of several possible positive and negative results. implementation. Recommendations have been developed to reduce errors in the selection and operation of filter respirators, which is extremely important and necessary to maintain the appropriate level of protection of users throughout the specified period of operation by strengthening control over their protective properties at each stage of use.

 

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