Increasing lifetime of the rapid-hardening foam

 

Ruslan Pietukhov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0414-2546

 

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Evgen Slepuzhnikov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

 

Oleksandr Savchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-7415

 

Serhii Shevchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-9252

 

Viktoriia Deineka

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7092

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400204

 

Keywords: rapid-hardening foam, carboxymethylcellulose, gel formation, foam lifetime, gel-forming system, gel-forming agent, gel-forming catalyst

 

Abstract

A study of the lifetime of rapid-hardening foams (RHF) obtained on the basis of the gel-forming system Na2O • nSiO2 (9% solution) + NaHCO3 (9% solution) was performed. Ways to increase the stability of the foam have been identified. The type of additional chemical compounds that increase the stability characteristics of the rapid-hardening foams has been determined experimentally. It was found that the addition of substances such as glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) leads to a partial or significant increase in the lifetime of rapid-hardening foams. In the course of experimental studies, the composition of the gelling system for obtaining rapid-hardening foams with a high lifetime was established. Such a system is Na2O·nSiO2 (9 % solution) + NaHCO3 (9 % solution) + CMC (0,5% vol.) + foaming agent «Morskoy» (6% vol.). It was found that increasing the concentration of CMC negatively affects the mobility of rapid-hardening foams and its multiplicity. Thus, in the system without CMC the multiplicity of the obtained foam was about 14, and in the system with the addition of 0.5% CMC the multiplicity sharply decreased by about 2,5 times and became equal to 6. The addition of 1% CMC leads to the formation of foam multiplicity 3. When trying to obtain foam from solutions in which the mass fraction of CMC was 1,5 and 2%, the formation of low multiplicity foam (<2) of inhomogeneous structure. At the same time, the mobility of the foam decreased, which led to a multiple decrease in its ability to spread on the surface of the liquid. It has been experimentally established that increasing the stability of RHF by adding a water-soluble film former (CMC) to the foaming system leads to the formation of a solid film which increases the strength of the solid gel framework. At the same time, the hard film can increase the insulating properties of the foam.

 

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  6. Pietukhov, R. A., Kireev, O. O., Slepuzhnikov, E. D. (2020). Doslidzhennya chasu vtrati tekuchosti geleutvoryuyuchikh sistem Nа2O ∙ 2,5SiO2 + NH4Cl та Na2O 2,5SiO2 + (NH4)2SO4, yaki zaproponovano vikoristovuvati dlya oderzhannya izolyuyuchikh pin. Problemi nadzvichaynih situatsiy, 30, 155–163.
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Improving the efficiency of utilization of anti-land blasting mines OZM-72

 

Oleg Smirnov

National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1237-8700

 

Ihor Tolkunov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-3120

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400198

 

Keywords: utilization, explosive object, anti-personnel fragmentation shell jumping round mine OZM-72, ammunition collector

 

Abstract

The technology of discharging and utilization of anti-personnel fragmentation mines of circular destruction OZM-72 by disassembly into constituent elements has been developed, which allows rational extraction of all available materials and allows to obtain and transfer to enterprises scrap metal and other substances to be used in the national economy. To this end, the international and national regulatory framework in the field of reducing stocks of surplus ammunition, ammunition unsuitable for further use and storage and those to be destroyed and stored in warehouses, bases and arsenals of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, as well as scientific and practical research carried out by leading scientists in our country and abroad, which allowed to justify the feasibility and procedure for the disposal of selected for the study of mines OZM-72. To increase the efficiency of work on the disposal of the above ammunition developed a method of optimal distribution of personnel in the workplace, taking into account the risk of accident, which is a mathematical sequence of actions that can be applied to certain specific conditions, taking into account a specific spatial planning solution (shops) to perform the above operations for the disposal of antipersonnel fragmentation mines OZM-72. The results of testing the proposed method allowed to determine a number of analytical relationships that confirm the relationship between the intensity of mine OZM-72 for discharge and disposal and the intensity of work at each workplace, taking into account the available human resources, which in turn has a significant impact on time , and hence the ratio of downtime of mines and personnel in the workplace in the event of an unbalanced flow of mines on the production line or irrational distribution of personnel in the workplace. This approach can be implemented by the relevant bodies of the SES in the process of examination of the disposal of ammunition and explosives during the implementation of control measures, approval of regulations and other documents on disposal.

 

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Analysis of possible risks of emergencies on the territory of the kharkov region

 

Hryhorii Ivanets

National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4906-5265

 

Ihor Tolkunov

National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-3120

 

Ivan Popov

National University of Civil Defense of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4705-4404

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400192

 

Keywords: emergency situation, danger factors, level of danger for the territory and population of the region

 

Abstract

A study of danger factors for the territory and population of the Kharkov region, the risks of sources of emergencies, the level of danger for the territory and population of the region. Studies have shown that the state of the environment and the technogenic situation in the Kharkov region due to many interrelated factors are characterized by an increase in the potential for emergencies and the severity of their consequences. Analysis of hazard factors for the region showed that among the natural threats should be identified flooding, landslides and karst processes, subsidence of forest soils and complex hydrometeorological phenomena, man-made threats include radiation, chemical, fire and explosion. This is due to the presence in the Kharkov region of risks of emergencies of various natural factors and the state of fixed assets of enterprises, the presence of potentially dangerous objects in the region, irrational economic activities, depletion of natural resources, huge environmental load on the study region, others economic and social development indicators. The article proposes to improve the methodology of quantitative characterization of the level of danger for the territory and population of the region, which takes into account the average annual number of emergencies and population density, and characterizes the threat to the territory and population of the region and the state as a whole. Comparative risk assessment for the territory and population of the region was carried out by comparing statistical indicators of danger for the region and the state, respectively. It was determined that the level of danger for the study area is considered relatively acceptable. The usefulness and expediency of research is due to the fact that such an analysis is the basis for substantiation of organizational and technical measures to prevent and adequately respond to emergencies in the region, taking into account the potential dangers in this area.

 

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Improving the structure of the decision support information system

 

Roman Kovalenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7601

 

Andrii Kalynovskyi

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1021-5799

 

Borys Kryvoshei

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

 

Ghryghorij Korotenko

Dnipro University of Technology

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3774-5260

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400194

 

Keywords: emergency rescue formation, information system, humanitarian aid, emergency, dangerous event

 

Abstract

The paper considers the process of functioning of information systems to support decision-making by the management of emergency response. The main advantages and disadvantages of known information systems are determined. It has been established that none of the analyzed systems provides full information support when making decisions to the emergency management leadership regarding the amount of necessary humanitarian aid to the affected population and possible ways of delivering these goods. The functionality of the previously mentioned information system has been determined, in particular, a function has been added that helps in resolving issues of providing humanitarian assistance to the affected population. The logical architecture of the information system for decision-making support during emergency response has been improved, which consists of four databases, a knowledge base, a decision module and a geographic information system module. The knowledge base of the information system has an algorithm that allows you to determine the commodity-nomenclature structure of humanitarian cargo consignments, as well as their sizes. In conditions of minor damage to the road surface and bridges, it is possible to deliver goods by road, and in conditions of their significant destruction by air. The decision-making module first assesses the possibility of delivering cargo by road, as an alternative to aviation, which ultimately reduces the cost of providing humanitarian assistance to the population affected by the emergency. The application of the multimodal transport method for the delivery of humanitarian cargo consignments is proposed. The efficiency has been evaluated and it has been established that with the method of direct transportation by helicopter, the delivery time is more than 31 % less than during combined transportation. At the same time, fuel consumption in case of multimodal transportations is almost 75 % less than during direct transportations using a helicopter.

 

References

  1. Tiutiunyk, V. V., Ivanets, H. V., Tolkunov, I. A., Stetsyuk, E. I. (2018). System approach for readiness assessment units of civil defense to actions at emergency situations. Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, 1, 99-105.
  2. Wu, X., Wu, L. (2011). Evaluation of the Fire Emergency Rescue Capability in Urban Community. Procedia Engineering, 11, 536-540.
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  4. Aldabbas, M., Venteicher, F., Gerber, L., Widmer, M. (2018). Finding the Adequate Location Scenario After the Merger of Fire Brigades Thanks to Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Methods. Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences, 43(2), 69-88.
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Mathematical model of prevention of emergencies caused by fire of radioactively-polluted forests

 

Taras Kachur

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-956X

 

Vitaliy Sobyna

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-8037

 

Dmytro Taraduda

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9167-0058

 

Maksym Dement

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-384X

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400131

 

Keywords: emergency, radioactive contamination, emergency prevention, fire, forest, unmanned aerial vehicle, mathematical model

 

Abstract

The mathematical model of prevention of emergencies caused by fires in radioactively contaminated forests is theoretically substantiated. The model is a system of three analytical dependences: the first allows to calculate the probability of detection of a radioactive harbinger of forest fire depending on the geometric dimensions of the controlled forest area, search time and search effort applied and determined by search strategies; the second allows you to calculate the value of search effort (search performance) depending on the geometric dimensions of the radioactive anomaly and the range of its detection by the main and additional channels; the third determines the detection range of a radioactive anomaly depending on the speed and altitude of unmanned aerial vehicles. An experimental verification of the efficiency of the proposed mathematical model with the help of a laboratory setup and methods of conducting experiments with its use. Thus, it is established that especially in the early stages of ignition, the spherical law works: the wave front expands like the walls of a cylinder, and the radiation intensity decreases in proportion to the distance. This means that as a result of relaxation processes occurring in the atmosphere, the attenuation of radiation by a value whose specific value depends on the frequency of radiation and some physical parameters of the surface layers of the atmosphere. Taking into account the results obtained in the work in preventing the development of an emergency caused by a fire in a radioactively contaminated forest allows the emergency response manager to make the right management decisions and ensure safe working conditions for rescuers. Further research is planned to develop a methodology for forecasting emergencies caused by fires in radioactively contaminated forests using reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicles.

 

References

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  4. Zibtsev, S. (2011). Wildfires Risk Reduction From Forests Contaminated by Radionuclides: A Case Study of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Exclusion Zone. The 5th International Wildland Fire Conference Sun City, South Africa 9-13 May. 39-49. Retrieved from https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5be04d64506fbe3067f96916/t/5be78761758d463fccb986bc/1541900129600/Zibtsev-Oliver-GoldammerWildfire2011_paper.pdf.
  5. Goldammer, J. G., Kashparov, V., Zibtsev, S. (2014). Best practices and recommendations for wildfire suppression in contaminated areas, with focus on radioactive terrain. Retrieved from http://gfmc.online/globalnetworks/seeurope/OSCE-GFMC-Report-Fire-Management-Contaminated-Terrain-2014-ENG.pdf.
  6. Agera, A. A., Laskob, R., Myroniukc,V., Zibtsevd, S., Daye, M. A., Useniaf, V., … Evers, C. R. (2019). The wildfire problem in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster. Science of The Total Environment, 696, 5-17. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969719339245.
  7. Zibtsev, S. V., Goldammer, J. G., Robinson, S. (2015). Fires in nuclear forests: silent threats to the environment and human security. Scholarly Journal, 66.2015/1-2, 40-51.
  8. Evangeliou, N., Balkanski, Y., Cozic, A., Hao, W. M., Mouillot, F., Thonicke, K., … Moller, A. P. (2015). Fire evolution in the radioactive forests of Ukraine and Belarus: future risks for the population and the environment. Ecological Monographs, 85/1, 49-72. Retrieved from https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1890/14-1227.1.
  9. Dvornik, A. A., Klementeva, E.A., Dvornik, A. M. (2017). Assessment of 137Cs contamination of combustion products and air pollution during the forest fires in zones of radioactive contamination. Radioprotection, 52(1), 29-36.
  10. Azarenko, E. V., Borodina, N. A., Goncharenko, Ju. Ju., Divizinjuk, M. M., Zheljak, E. D., Kachur, T. V., … Fesaj, A. P. (2017). Inzhenerno-tehnicheskij metod zashhity ljudej ot porazhajushhih faktorov chrezvychajnyh situacij, vyzvannyh zagrjazneniem atmosfery radioaktivnymi i otravljajushhimi veshhestvami na otkrytoj mestnosti. Tehnogenna-ekologіchna bezpeka ta civіl'nij zahist, 12, 5-13.