Increasing lifetime of the rapid-hardening foam

 

Ruslan Pietukhov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0414-2546

 

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Evgen Slepuzhnikov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

 

Oleksandr Savchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-7415

 

Serhii Shevchenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6740-9252

 

Viktoriia Deineka

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5781-7092

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4400204

 

Keywords: rapid-hardening foam, carboxymethylcellulose, gel formation, foam lifetime, gel-forming system, gel-forming agent, gel-forming catalyst

 

Abstract

A study of the lifetime of rapid-hardening foams (RHF) obtained on the basis of the gel-forming system Na2O • nSiO2 (9% solution) + NaHCO3 (9% solution) was performed. Ways to increase the stability of the foam have been identified. The type of additional chemical compounds that increase the stability characteristics of the rapid-hardening foams has been determined experimentally. It was found that the addition of substances such as glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) leads to a partial or significant increase in the lifetime of rapid-hardening foams. In the course of experimental studies, the composition of the gelling system for obtaining rapid-hardening foams with a high lifetime was established. Such a system is Na2O·nSiO2 (9 % solution) + NaHCO3 (9 % solution) + CMC (0,5% vol.) + foaming agent «Morskoy» (6% vol.). It was found that increasing the concentration of CMC negatively affects the mobility of rapid-hardening foams and its multiplicity. Thus, in the system without CMC the multiplicity of the obtained foam was about 14, and in the system with the addition of 0.5% CMC the multiplicity sharply decreased by about 2,5 times and became equal to 6. The addition of 1% CMC leads to the formation of foam multiplicity 3. When trying to obtain foam from solutions in which the mass fraction of CMC was 1,5 and 2%, the formation of low multiplicity foam (<2) of inhomogeneous structure. At the same time, the mobility of the foam decreased, which led to a multiple decrease in its ability to spread on the surface of the liquid. It has been experimentally established that increasing the stability of RHF by adding a water-soluble film former (CMC) to the foaming system leads to the formation of a solid film which increases the strength of the solid gel framework. At the same time, the hard film can increase the insulating properties of the foam.

 

References

  1. Kozachenko, T. І. (2012). Geoіnformacіjne kartografuvannya tekhnogennih zagroz vіd potencіjno nebezpechnih objektіv. Vіsnik geodezії ta kartografіji, 1 (76), 14–25.
  2. Jiang-hua ZHAN, GabLai-jun ZHAO. (2007). Risk Analysis of Dangerous Chemicals Transportation. Systems Engineering – Theory & Practice, 27, 117–122.
  3. Peter, I. Kawamura, Donald Mackay. (1987). The evaporation of volatile liq-uids // Journal of Hazardous Materials, 15, 343–364.
  4. Defence Standard 42–40. (2002). Foam Liquids, Fire Extinguishing (Concen-trates, Foam, Fire Extinguishing), UK Ministry of Defence, 2.
  5. Pietukhov, R.,Kireev, A., Slepuzhnikov, E., Chyrkina, M., Savchenko. A. (2020). Lifetime research of rapid-hardening foams // Problems of emergency situa-tions, 31, 226–233.
  6. Pietukhov, R. A., Kireev, O. O., Slepuzhnikov, E. D. (2020). Doslidzhennya chasu vtrati tekuchosti geleutvoryuyuchikh sistem Nа2O ∙ 2,5SiO2 + NH4Cl та Na2O 2,5SiO2 + (NH4)2SO4, yaki zaproponovano vikoristovuvati dlya oderzhannya izolyuyuchikh pin. Problemi nadzvichaynih situatsiy, 30, 155–163.
  7. Gennady, N. Kuprin, Denis, S. Kuprin. (2017). Fast-Hardening Foam: Fire and Explosion Prevention at Facilities with Hazardous Chemicals. Journal of Materials Science Research, 6, 56–61.
  8. Denis, S. Kuprin. (2017). Physical–chemical explanation of fire-fighting efficiency of FHF (fast-hardening foam) based on structured silica particles. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 81, 36–41.
  9. Hazard Classification Guidance for Manufacturers, Importers, and Employers. Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Department of Labor. (2016). OSHA 3844-02, 406–419.
  10. Vladimir Moskvitin, Dmitry Moskvitin, Natalia Emelyanova. (2018). Optimi-zation of the foam generation regime in a cylindrical channel // International Scientific Conference “Investment, Construction, Real Estate: New Technologies and Special-Purpose Development Priorities”, 212, 1–8.
  11. Youjie Sheng, Shouxiang Lu, Ning Jiang, Xiujuan Wu, Changhai Li. (2018). Drainage of aqueous film-forming foam stabilized by different foam stabilizers // Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 39, 1266–1273.
  12. Maryam Karimi, M. R. Naimi-Jamal. (2019). Carboxymethyl cellulose as a green and biodegradable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of benzimidazoloquinazolinone derivatives // Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 23, 182–187.