Increasing the readiness for operational work of the operational control chain

Sobyna Vitaliy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-8037

Plisko Yuliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9526-1119

Chernysh Roman

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6245-0707

Shcherbak Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1133-0120

Feshchenko Andrey

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4869-6428

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-42-21

Keywords: operational control chain, instant readiness for operational work, emergency situation

Аnnotation

An analysis of the literature data was applied, on the basis of which the research problem of developing a method for predicting the readiness for operational operation of the operational control chain was formulated, taking into account the influence of the structure of simultaneous redundancy of nodes and telecommunications channels, depending on the intensity of failures and restoration obtained from the operation results. Based on the unification and understanding of the connections of individual nodes and telecommunications channels of the operational control chain into a holistic system, an appropriate probabilistic model was synthesized, which takes into account the redundancy of nodes and telecommunications channels and the normalized intensities of failures and restoration of the equipment of nodes and telecommunications channels. The abstraction method was used to highlight a significant sign of readiness for operational operation, and reliability flowcharts and analytical expressions were developed for the probabilistic assessment of the readiness for operational operation of the operational control chain for various structures with separate redundancy of nodes and telecommunications chan-nels. By applying the method of mathematical modeling, the readiness for operational operation of the operational control chain was predicted. Based on the method of comparing the results of mathematical modeling for various redundancy structures, a stable, regular influence of the failure and recovery flow parameters on the readiness for operational work has been revealed. It has been established that to achieve the required level of readiness for operational work of the operational dispatch control chain, it is advisable to optimize the failure and recovery intensities and the multiplicity of redundancy of nodes and telecommunications channels, while the required readiness indicator is achieved by using double and triple separate redundancy of nodes and tele-communications channels of the operational dispatch control chain.

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Assessment of soil contamination in areas affected by rocket-artillery strikes

Rashkevich Nina

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6068

Melezhyk Roman

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6425-4147

Perehin Alina

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2062-5537

Krasnov Viacheslav

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8445-6843

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-42-19

Keywords: electrical conductivity, conductometry, explosion, soil aqueous extract, contamination, spatial–depth analysis, monitoring

Аnnotation

The article examines methodological approaches to assessing soil contamination in areas affected by rocket and artillery systems based on electrical conductivity indicators. The relevance of the study is driven by the need for rapid assessment of territorial conditions after explosive impacts, when traditional chemical analysis methods are too time-consuming or resource-intensive. The electrical conductivity of the aqueous extract is proposed as an indicator of the total content of dissolved ions, including metals and products of explosive reactions, which makes it possible to evaluate the potential toxicity of the soil and local environmental risks. To collect experimental data, soil samples were taken using a spatial–depth grid covering various distances from the explosion epicenter and different soil layers, ensuring the representativeness of the assessment of technogenic impact. Electrical conductivity measurements provided a basis for the mathematical description of the spatial–depth distribution of ionic load and enabled the proposal of an exponential attenuation model of the concentration effect. The model makes it possible to predict changes in contamination levels at intermediate points, assess the scale of explosion impacts, and trace the spread of soluble components within the soil profile, taking into account hydrogeological and terrain conditions. The results form a foundation for rapid assessment of technogenic load, operational zoning of territories, planning of civil protection measures, and forecasting long-term changes in soil conditions. The proposed approach combines experimental measurements and mathematical modeling to develop an adaptive monitoring system. Index-based data generalization ensures the comparison of contamination levels between sites, the identification of priority restoration zones, and the support of decision-making pro-cesses in post-conflict regions, as well as facilitating prompt responses to potential environmental emergencies.

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Impact of smoke screens on the fire safety level of shelters

Shakhov Stanislav

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-1696

Melnychenko Andrii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-6926

Saveliev Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-0437

Dement Maksym

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-384X

Artem Huz

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8869-2423

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-42-20

Keywords: smoke screens, shelters, fire safety, fire modeling, Fire Dynamics Simulator

Аnnotation

The object of the study is the impact of smoke screens on the fire safety level of shelters. The main hypothesis is that the presence of smoke screens along evacuation routes increases the time before evacuation paths are blocked by hazardous fire factors, thereby enhancing the fire safety level of shelters. The problem addressed was to obtain scientifically substantiated data on the impact of smoke screens on the fire safety of shelters. The results provided data on the dynamics of hazardous fire factors with and without smoke screens. Comparative analysis showed that with smoke screens, the time to reach critical visibility loss at sensor №1 was 33 % slower. Thus, the smoke screen kept the evacuation exit viable for an additional 31 seconds, which is a significant margin for evacuation. Additionally, over 300 seconds, the smoke screen prevented exceeding the permissible limits for factors such as temperature and partial oxygen density. At sensor № 2, the time to reach critical visibility loss was 5 % slower with smoke screens, which is not a significant margin for evacuation. At sensor №3, located near the fire outbreak room, the time to reach critical visibility loss was identical with and without smoke screens, amounting to 37 seconds. Thus, the analysis of the modeling results confirms the appropriateness of smoke screens in enhancing the fire safety level of shelters. Smoke screens extend the time during which evacuation routes remain viable for evacuation. These findings can be used as compensatory measures in cases where evacuation routes in shelters (lacking forced smoke extraction systems) become blocked by hazardous fire factors faster than the duration of evacuation. However, the obtained results require validation through a full-scale experiment using a model evacuation route (corridor) for final confirmation.

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3. Oliynyk, O., Otrosh, Yu., Rashkevych, N. (2023). Simulation of a possible smoking zone in a destroyed shelter. Municipal Economy of Cities, 4(178), 210–218. doi: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-210-218
4. Maiboroda, R., Otrosh, Yu., Rashkevich, N., Melezhyk, R. (2023). Assessment of the fire resistance of buildings from fireproof reinforced concrete building structures. Municipal Economy of Cities, 4(178), 219–231. doi: 10.33042/2522-1809-2023-4-178-219-231
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Investigation of the influence of fire protection systems on individual fire risk

Savchenko Olesia

Institute for Scientific Research on Civil Protection

of the National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-3055

Nizhnyk Vadym

Institute for Scientific Research on Civil Protection

of the National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3370-9027

Koval Roman

Institute for Scientific Research on Civil Protection

of the National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8970-2831

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-42-18

Keywords: fire protection, risk, activation efficiency, alarm, fire extinguishing, smoke protection

Аnnotation

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the impact of fire protection systems on individual fire risk in buildings. It is shown that the current state of the issue is determined by the lack of scientifically grounded patterns that would quantitatively describe the influence of effective operation of fire protection systems on the parameters of hazardous fire factors and, accordingly, on the calculated values of individual fire risk. A contradiction has been identified between practical approaches to ensuring fire safety and risk assessment methods that do not take into account the effectiveness of technical systems. A program and methodology for an experimental study have been proposed to verify theoretical provisions regarding the influence of fire protection systems on the dynamics of fire development as a derivative of individual fire risk. Criteria and controlled conditions have been defined, namely: temperature, smoke level, response time of the fire protection system, and the time to reach critical values of these criteria for human life. The obtained results made it possible to determine the probability coefficients of effective operation of fire protection systems and to validate the theoretical research. It has been established that the integrated functioning of fire protection systems provides a synergistic effect, reducing the rate of development of hazardous fire factors, extending the time to reach critical values such as temperature and smoke level, and thereby increasing the level of human safety during evacuation, which ultimately affects the value of individual fire risk. The research results were used to improve the methodology for assessing individual fire risk and can be applied in the development of regulatory requirements for equipping facilities with fire protection systems.

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9.             Savchenko, O. V., Nizhnyk, V. V., Savchenko, T. O. (2024). Program and methodology of experimental research on the influence of fire protection systems on individual fire risk. Scientific Notes of Taurida National V. I. Vernadsky University. Series: Technical Sciences, 35(74), 4, 348–353. doi: 10.32782/2663-5941/2024.4/54