Analysis of the operational functioning of the civil defense forces under the conditions of the state of martial

 

Roman Kovalenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-7601

 

Sergii Nazarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-0335

 

Borys Kryvoshei

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2561-5568

 

Ihor Morozov

National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9643-481X

 

Valeriya Semkiv

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1584-4754

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-21

 

Keywords: dangerous events, civil protection forces, operational readiness, martial law, Poisson distribution, populated area

 

Аnnotation

 

The process of operational functioning of civil defense units under martial law was studied and a significant increase in the volume of their work compared to the period before the introduction of martial law was established. As statistical data, information on the specified process, which is related to extinguishing fires in urban settlements of the Kharkiv region for the period of 2021 and 2022, was used. The most rapid growth of dangerous events related to fires was found in residential buildings and structures, as well as in industrial buildings, production workshop buildings, industrial warehouse buildings, structures and external installations. Extinguishing fires mainly takes place without installing fire trucks on the water source, as well as with their installation on the external fire water main. The total consumption of water in more than 94 % of cases during extinguishing of fires in houses and residential buildings for the period of 2022 did not exceed 12 l/s. Greater water consumption was observed when extinguishing fires in industrial buildings, production workshop buildings, industrial warehouse buildings, structures and external installations. For the named group of objects, in 76 % of cases, water consumption for fire extinguishing did not exceed 12 l/s. It was established that the process of occurrence of dangerous events associated with fires in the territory of urban settlements cannot be described by the Poisson distribution law. On the basis of statistical data, the main requirements for fire tankers, which are operated in urban settlements under martial law, have been developed. The results of the research can be used to develop measures aimed at increasing the operational readiness of the civil defense forces to perform actions as assigned under martial law conditions.

 

References

 

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Assessment of fire resistance of fireproof steel structures to ensure fire safety of facilities

 

Andrii Kovalov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6525-7558

 

Yurii Otrosh

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0698-2888

 

Nina Rashkevich

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-6068

 

Serhii Rudakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-0476

 

Vitalii Tоmеnkо

Cherkassy Institute of Fire Safety of National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7139-9141

 

Serhii Yurchenko

Cherkassy Scientific Research Forensic Centre of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-238X

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-20

 

Keywords: fire-resistant steel structures, fire resistance assessment, numerical modeling, fire-resistant coatings, LIRA-SAPR

 

Аnnotation

 

A structural and logical scheme for ensuring the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures has been developed on the basis of the proposed mathematical model and the calculation-experimental method of evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures. The mathematical model differs from existing ones in the ability to determine the time to reach the critical temperature of a fire-resistant steel structure depending on the thickness of the fire-resistant coating, duration of fire exposure, fire scenario, given load level, thermophysical characteristics of steel and fire-resistant coating, as well as the possibility of using experimental values when conducting fire resistance tests both steel structures and reduced-size samples, which facilitates the procedure for evaluating fire resistance. It is advisable to use the model when calculating the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures as a result of the design of fire protection of steel structures. A computer model of the stress-strain state of a fire-resistant steel beam was developed in the LIRA-SAPR software to increase the level of fire safety of buildings and structures. A static calculation of a fire-resistant steel beam was carried out, as a result of which the stressed-deformed state of the beam was obtained under the combined effect of force and temperature loads. A comparison of the results of numerical modeling with the results of an experimental study of fire resistance was carried out. The accuracy of the developed computer model for evaluating the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures was verified. The parameters of the model are set, namely: thermophysical characteristics of fire-resistant coatings, thermophysical and mechanical properties of the materials that make up the structure, nonlinear laws of deformation of the model materials, strength and deformation properties of materials at high temperature and force effects, which allow with sufficient accuracy for engineering calculations (up to 3 %) to evaluate the fire resistance of fire-resistant steel structures.

 

References

 

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Results of the determination of the fire extinguishing characteristics of light fluid materials when extinguishing ethanol

 

Ilham Balasalim Babashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-1767

 

Ilgar Firdosi Dadashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-1094

 

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Аleksandr Savchenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1305-7415

 

Mahammad Elchin Musayev

Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-2617

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-18

 

Keywords: ethanol, loose materials, foamglass, expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, fireextinguishing properties

 

Аnnotation

 

Experimental studies of the previously proposed method of extinguishing polar liquids with the help of fire extinguishing agents based on light loose porous materials have been continued. An experimental method for determining the fire-extinguishing properties of a system based on light loose materials based on a laboratory model fire of class "B" has been developed. On its basis, the thicknesses of the layers of light loose materials, which lead to the extinguishing of ethanol and its mass burning rate at different layer thicknesses, are determined. Obtained results for dry and wetted materials. As a layer that ensures the buoyancy of the fire extinguishing system, crushed foam glass with a granule size of 1–1,5 cm was used. It was established that to ensure increased insulating properties, it is advisable to use expanded perlite with a granule size of 1,2±0,2 mm as the top layer and expanded lamellar vermiculite with 2x2,5 mm and 2x5 mm plates. It was established that wetting the upper layer of loose materials by supplying sprayed water leads to an increase in their fire-extinguishing properties. It is shown that water reduces the concentration of ethanol vapors above the layer of loose materials due to their adsorption. In order to increase the insulating and inhibitory properties, it was used to apply low-melting crys-talline hydrate Na2HPO4•12 H2O to the surface of crushed foam glass. This fire extinguishing system provided the lowest mass consumption of ethanol extinguishing of 6,99 kg/m2. An assessment of the financial costs of fire extinguishing agents for the proposed systems was carried out. A conclusion was made about the significant economic advantage of the system with crushed foam glass on the surface of which water was sprayed. Financial costs when applying this system are UAH 100 grn/m2. It is noted that such a system has a significant advantage in the simplicity of technical implementation due to the need to feed only one loose material.

 

References

 

  1. EN 1568-1:2018. Fire extinguishing media. Foam concentrates. Part 1: Specification for medium expansion foam concentrates for surface application to water-immiscible liquids.
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  3. EN 1568-3:2018. Foam concentrates. Part 3: Specification for low expansion foam concentrates for surface application to water-immiscible liquids /European standard.
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  8. Dubinin, D., Korytchenko, K., Lisnyak, A., Hrytsyna, I., Trigub, V. (2017). Numerical simulation of the creation of a fire fighting barrier using an explosion ofa combustible charge. Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies, 6, 10–90, 11–16. doi: 15587/1729-4061.2017.114504
  9. Semko, A., Beskrovnaya, M., Vinogradov, S., Hritsina, I., Yagudina, N. The usage of high speed impulse liquid jets for putting out gas blowouts. Journalof Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (Poland), 3, 655–664. Available at: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84938701022&partnerID=40&md5=7bb1aef5a447873de21f8e81c67eedd0
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  16. Makarenko, V. S., Kirieiev, O. O., Trehubov, D. H., Chyrkina, M. A. (2018). Doslidzhennia vohnehasnykh vlastyvostei binarnykh shariv lehkykh porystykh materialiv, 1(33), 235–245. doi: 52363/2524-0226-2021-33-18
  17. Babashov, I. B., Dadashov, I. F., Kirieiev, O. O., Savchenko, O. V. (2022). Vybir sypkykh materialiv dlia hasinnia poliarnykh lehkozaimystykh ridyn, 1(35), 311–324. Available at: http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16031
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Ensuring the balance of properties of floating systems to slow down the evaporation of hazardous liquids

 

Dmytro Tregubov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-822X

 

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

 

Larisa Trefilova

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-6491

 

Maryna Chyrkina

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-9142

 

Ilgar Firdosi Dadashov

Academy of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Republic of Azerbaijan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-1094

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-19

 

Keywords: evaporation, burnout, mass burnup rate, insulation, cooling, buoyant agent, foam glass, gel

 

Аnnotation

 

The means properties contributions ratio designed to prevent the liquids evaporation and ensure safe vapor concentrations, depending on the values of characteristic temperatures and water solubility, was established. It is proven that limiting the vapor-gas cloud size is achieved by means of the liquid surface insulation or cooling. It is shown that only floating closed-pore solid materials (f.e., foam glass) and solidifying foams can provide a prolonged effect of such means. Attention is focused on specified means disadvantages, such as the low insulating ability of the foam glass and insignificant cooling ability, and for foam that hardens – also the flammability. The existence of lower coefficients of the evaporation retardation by the gel for liquids with greater water solubility was established experimentally. Experimentally, it was established that wet foam glass has a greater cooling capacity than dry foam glass by 5–6 times, with a close dependence for cooling polar and non-polar liquids. It is shown that the cooling effect of the feeding foam glass is smaller for liquids with a vaporization higher heat, and this difference is approximately the same for the cases of the feeding both dry and wet foam glass. It was found that for low-boiling non-polar liquids, the evaporation insulation is more effectively achieved by using an insulating system based on dry foam glass with a gel layer, and for hard-boiling liquids – provided that the cooling system is supplied in the form of the wet foam glass with an additional effect in the form of the air space phlegmatization above the liquid surface with water vapor. It has been proven that reduction of the burning mass rate and the fire extinguishing effect achievement by applying the foam glass layer on the combustible liquid surface occurs in a similar way for liquids with close molar masses and not flash temperatures.

 

References

 

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Implied structures that i will stand tires on security of the road of the fire tankers

 

Volodumur Kokhanenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-5239

 

Valerii Kolomiets

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4058-4026

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-17

 

Keywords: fire trucks, pneumatic tire, radial design, breaker edges, temperature distribution, reliability, traffic safety

 

Аnnotation

 

In connection with the current situation in Ukraine, units of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine have to make more trips on fire trucks to carry out their assigned actions. It has been established that modern fire trucks are equipped with radial tires and that the number of premature retirements of these tires has recently increased. Premature termination of operation of tires can lead, first of all, to the possible death of people in a fire, an increase in material damage, and even to a traffic accident. In order to prevent premature and unpredictable tire failure, it is necessary to identify the causes of tire failures and develop proposals for improving their design. It has been established that the most temperature-stressed layers of the tire carcass and the tire breaker are the most stressed. It is due to the destruction of the shoulder zone and delaminations in the breaker that fire tanker tires are prematurely removed from service. Experimental studies have determined the best scheme for laying the tire breaker and bead. An analysis of the characteristic damage to the tires of fire tankers was carried out and their main causes were determined. It is determined that further operation of tires with such damage is not permissible. The research also found that even if the operating rules and maintenance standards are followed, it is possible to significantly improve the reliability and safety of fire tankers. Based on the research, it is proposed to equip fire tankers with tires of a special design. Proposals for the design of fire tanker tires are substantiated. The obtained data will reduce the likelihood of tire failure and, due to their timely scheduled preventive maintenance, increase the reliability and safety of fire tanker traffic.

 

References

 

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