Influence of tire design on safety emergency rescue vehicle movement

Volodumur Kokhanenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5555-5239

Taras Kachur

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1683-956X

Serhii Ragimov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8639-3348

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-33-21

Keywords: rescue vehicle, pneumatic tire, diagonal design, breaker edges, temperature distribution, premature decommissioning

Abstract

The issue of improving the safety of rescue vehicles to the place of call at the highest possible speeds is considered. It is well known that modern cars and trucks are equipped with radial design tires with steel cord in the breaker. Their improper operation (driving on a bad road at high speeds, constant tire overload, tire striking the curb, getting the tire into recesses) leads to the detachment of the metal cord in the rubber mass of the tire and the creation of a wavy surface of the sidewall of the tire. Safe operation of tires with such a defect is not possible. The solution to this issue led to the study of the problem of temperature distribution in the elements of a pneumatic tire, as well as to the study of the influence of tire design on the performance and reliability of an emergency vehicle. Experimental dependences of the temperature distribution in various elements of the tire are presented. It was established that the use of steel cord tires on emergency vehicles leads to their premature decommissioning due to fatigue damage at the edges of the belt, and not due to tread wear. Also considered is the problem of increasing the thermal stress in the shoulder area of a pneumatic tire of a radial structure with a metal cord in the breaker associated with the use of a shielding layer. Experimental dependences of the temperature distribution in various elements of the tire with and without a shielding layer are given. It is proposed to increase the safety of rescue vehicles to the place of call at the highest possible speeds to equip them with tires of a special design. The design of tires for rescue vehicles must meet the following requirements: have a diagonal design, do not have a shielding layer, the tread height should be less than that of conventional tires. This will allow the tires to go out of service due to tread wear, and not due to fatigue damage.

References

1. Behnke, R., Kaliske, M. (2015). Termo-mechanically coupled investigation of steady state rolling tires by numerical simulation and experiment // International journal of non-linear mechanics, 68, 101–131. doi:10.1016/j.:ijnonlinmec.2014.06.014
2. Integrated dynamics and efficiency optimizati on for EVs Vehicle dynamics international (2019), 38–39. doi:10.1002/asjc.1686
3. Pozhydayew, S. (2018). Utochnennya ponyattya momentu syly u mekhanitsi [Clarification of the conceht of forse moment in mechanics] Avtoshlyakhovyk Ukrainy. I.P., 21–25. doi:10.30977/AT.2219-8342.2019.44.0.21
4. Wheel slip control for decentralized EVs. Vehicle dynamics international – 2019, 24–26.
5. Larin, O., Vinogradov, S., Kokhanenko, V., Pat. 82321 Ukraine, IPC (2013.01) B60C 23/00. Adjustment for temperature adjustment in pneumatic tires / applicant and patent holder of the National University of Civil Society of Ukraine. № u201302439, application no. 02/26/2013; publ. 07.25.2013, Bul, № 14.
6. Burennikov, Y., Dobrovolsky, A. (2011). Business processes perfection of small motor transport enterprises // Bulletion of the polytechnic institute of Iasi. To-mul LVII (LXI), 2, 237–243. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.645954
7. Dong-Hyun, Y., Beom-Seon, J., Ki-Ho, Y. (2017). Nonlinear finite element analysis of failure modes and ultimate strength of flexible pipes. Marine Structures, 54, 50–72. doi:10.1016/j.marstruc.2017.03.007
8. Haseeb, A., Jun, T., Fazal, M., Masjuki, H. (2011). Degradation of physical properties of different elastomers upon exposure to palm biodiesel. Energy, 36, 3, 1814–1819. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2010.12.023
9. Cho, J., Yoon, Y. (2016). Large deformation analysis of anisotropic rubber hose along cyclic path by homogenization and path interpolation methods. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 30, 2, 789–795. doi:10.1007/s.12206–016–0134–5
10. Larin, O. (2015). Probabilistic of fatigue damage accumulation in rubberlike materials. Strength of Materials, 47, 6, 849–858. doi:10.1007/s11223–015–9722–3
11. Jacobson B. (2016). Vehicle dynamics. Chalmers University of Technology.

Analysis of the quality of application of impregnating fire protective agent dsa for oak wood

Anton Chernukha

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-3205

Pavlo Kovalov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2817-5393

Oleg Bezuglov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8619-9174

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-33-19

Keywords: fire protection, fire retardant efficiency, fire retardant coating, impregnation, experimental research

Abstract

In this work, experimental studies of the fire-retardant efficiency of the DSA agent for oak wood have been carried out. The dependence of the fire retardant efficiency on the mass of the dry agent was obtained, applied, which is important when processing oak wood with DSA. The influence of the characteristics of wood of various species on the effectiveness of fire-retardant impregnating agents was investigated using the example of oak and DSA agents. It has been established that the standard method of studies of fire retardant efficiency using exclusively pine cannot provide fair data on the effectiveness of the agent in other types of wood. So, according to the instructions of the means that the subject, 3 applications are necessary, but for oak to achieve the 1st group of fire retardant efficiency, 7 applications were required. After the study of the fire-retardant efficiency of the DSA is provided in the norms for the example of oak wood processing, the fire-resistance of other types of wood can be analyzed. In the course of previous studies, the fire retardant characteristics of the main fire retardants for some types of wood have already been obtained. Species of wood with a high density have poor impregnation, as a result of which more treatments are required to achieve the 1st group of fire retardant efficiency. The resulting dependence of the weight loss of a treated wood sample on the amount of fire retardant composition during standard tests makes it possible to perform engineering, economic and other calculations when performing works on fire protection. Tested standard fire retardant per-formance testing method using pine exclusively. It has been determined that standard test methods cannot be objective when processing species other than pine. Particularly useful for research is the dependence of the weight loss of a treated wood sample on the amount of fire retardant composition during standard tests, the effect of the characteristics of wood of various species on the effectiveness of fire retardant impregnating agents on the example of oak and DSA agents. Oak has a higher specific gravity than pine, so it is more difficult to add a sufficient amount of active ingredient.

References

1. Chernukha, A. A., Kireyev, A. A., Bondarenko, S. N., Kirichenko, A. D. (2009). Issledovaniye ognezashchitnoy effektivnosti pokrytiy na osnove kserogelevoy kompozitsii. Pozhezhna bezpeka, 26, 166–171. Retrieved from http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/4551
2. Kireev, A., Tregubov, D., Safronov, S., Saveliev, D. (2020). Study insulating and cooling properties of the material on the basis of crushed foam glass and determination of its extinguishing characteristics with the attitude to alcohols. Materials Science Forum, 1006 MSF, 62–69. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1006.62
3. Dadashov, I., Loboichenko, V., Kireev, A. (2018). Analysis of the ecological characteristics of environment friendly fire fighting chemicals used in extinguishing oil products. Pollution Research, 37/1, 63–77. Retrieved from https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85062144705&partnerID=40&md5=36a1aa2ad65f6325a5bac590a1deb977
4. Dadashov, I., Kireev, A., Kirichenko, I., Kovalev, A., Sharshanov, A. (2018). Simulation of the insulating properties of two-layer material. Functional Materials, 25/4, 774–779. doi: 10.15407/fm25.04.774
5. Skorodumova, O., Tarakhno, O., Chebotaryova, O., Hapon, Y., Emen, F.M. (2020). Formation of fire retardant properties in elastic silica coatings for textile materials. Materials Science Forum, 1006 MSF, 25–31. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1006.25
6. Chernukha, A., Kovaliov, P., Ponomarenko, S., Yeriomenko, V. (2017). Research of fireproof properties of fabric for Fireproof rescue stretchers. Problems of Emergency Situations, 25, 149–152. Retrieved from http://repositsc.nuczu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2706
7. Babrauskas, V., Williamson, R. (1980) The historical basis of fire resistance testing. Fire Technology, II, 304–314. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01998390
8. Brinker, C. Y., Keefer, K. D., Schaefer, D. W. (1982). Sol-gel transition in simple silicates. J. Non–Cryst. Solids, 48(1), 47–64. doi: 10.1016/0022-3093(82)90245-9
9. Chernukha, A., Teslenko, A., Kovaliov, P., Bezuglov, O. (2020). Mathematical Modeling of Fire-Proof Efficiency of Coatings Based on Silicate Composition. Materials Science Forum, 1006, 70–75. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1006.70
10. Chopenko, N., Muravlev, V., Skorodumova, O. (2018). Technology of molding masses for architectural and artistic ceramics using low-aluminate clays. International Journal of Engineering and Technology (UAE), 7(3), 587–590. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/ijet/article/view/14595/5944

Prevention of emergencies by monitoring the insulation condition of multi-core cables

Serhii Rudakov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-0476

Oksana Myrgorod

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3435

Ihor Hrytysyna

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2581-1614

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-33-20

Keywords: cable insulation, dielectric loss tangent, partial capacitance

Abstract

A method for measuring the partial capacities and the tangent of the dielectric loss angle of individual components of cable products that are in operation at energy facilities has been developed. This method is based on direct measurements of insulation components separately with subsequent assessment of the whole structure. This method makes it possible to assess in more detail the state of cable insulation, as cores, shields, metal sheaths are used as electrodes – to localize the probing electromagnetic field in certain parts of the cable: mainly in phase and solder insulation of power cables, in core insulation or in phase space control cables. Then, comparing the characteristics of the isolated areas of insulation with each other and with the basic products that have passed the accelerated resource tests, up to reaching the limit state – we make a reasonable conclusion about the current state of the cable product. However, in such measurements, the errors of partial capacitance measurements, and especially the tangent of the dielectric loss angle, can be large. The reason for this is the capacitive currents of the parasitic circuits discharged to the screen of the device. The paper proposes a method of reducing the mea-surement error, which limits the scope of the direct circuit only in cases where the capacity of the measured interval is much higher than the capacity of the parasitic circuits. The study on direct current is performed by devices with three terminals: two - measuring, the third - shielding - to remove excess current from the measuring circuit. The paper proposes such a scheme in the form of a triangle of capacitors, which allows for reliable measurements of the values of partial tanks, which compensates for the currents of the shunt circuits relative to the currents of the selected interval. The results of such control will allow to identify the areas of parameters that are most sensitive to the aging processes of cables, which, in turn, will prevent emergencies that could occur at energy facilities.

References

1. Kouro, S., Malinowski, M., Gopakumar, K., Pou, J., Franquelo, L.G., Bin, Wu., Rodriguez, J., Pérez, M.A., Leon, J.I. (2010). Recent advances and industrial applica-tions of multilevel converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57 (8), 2553–2580.
2. Krieger, E. M., Arnold, C. B. (2012). Effects of undercharge and internal loss on the rate dependence of battery charge storage effi-ciency. Journal of Power Sources, 210, 286–291.
3. Chen, R. J., Zhang, Y., Wang, B. (2013). Numerical simulation study on the cement-based absorbing material. Advanced Materials Research, 853, 169–173.
4. Saha, A., Ahmad, S., Soma, A. A., Chowdhury, M. Z., Hossain, A. A. (2017). Modelling and control of STATCOM to ensure stable power system operation. 4th In-ternational Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering (ICAEE), 12–17.
5. Pigini, A., Rizzi, G., Garbagnati, E., Porrino, A., Baldo, G., Pesavento, G. (1989). Performance of large air gaps under lightning overvoltages: experimental study and analysis of accuracy predetermination methods. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 4(2), 1379–1392.
6. Caldwell, R., Darveniza, M. (1973). Experimental and Analytical Studies of the Effect of Non-Standard Waveshapes on the Impulse Strength of External Insulation. IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, PAS-92, 4, 1420–1428.
7. Jones, M., Satiawan, I. N. W., Bodo, N., Levi, E. (2012). A dual fivephase space-vector modulation algorithm based on the decomposition method. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 48 (6), 2110–2120.
8. Bezprozvannych, G. V., Kostiukov, I. A. (2020). Error of control of electrical insulation structures by dielectric absorption parameters according to the concept of uncertainty of measurements. Electrical engineering & electromechanics, 1, 47–51.
9. Fesenko, H., Kliushnikov, I., Kharchenko, V., Rudakov, S., Odarushchenko, E. (2020). Routing an unmanned aerial vehicle during NPP monitoring in the presence of an automatic battery replacement aerial system. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Dependable Systems, Services and Technologies (DESSERT’2020), Kyiv, Ukraine, 34–39.
10. Forthofer, J., Shannon, K., Butler, B. (2009). Simulating diurnally driven slope winds with WindNinja, in: Eighth Symposium on Fire and Forest Meteorology. Kalispell, MT, 156275.
11. Batygin, Yu., Barbashova, M., Sabokar, O. (2018). Electromagnetic metal forming for advanced processing technologies. Springer International Publ, AG, 93.

Investigation of fire extinguishing properties of binary layers of lightweight porous materials

Viktoriya Makarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5629-1159

Oleksandr Kireev

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-3999

Dmitry Tregubov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1821-822X

Maryna Chyrkina

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-9142

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-33-18

Keywords: flammable liquids, gasoline, liquid extinguishing, binary fire extinguishing system, mass burnup rate, perlite, vermiculite, foam glass, wetted materials

Abstract

To extinguish flammable liquids, it is proposed to use binary layers of granular foam glass + other light porous material. Granular foam glass serves as a material that ensures the buoyancy of the binary system. Exfoliated perlite and vermiculite are selected as materials that provide mainly insulating properties of the binary fire extinguishing system. The bulk density of light porous materials, their buoyancy and moisture retention have been experimentally determined. It is established that the low buoyancy of expanded perlite and vermiculite does not allow their direct use without prior application of a layer of crushed foam glass to extinguish gasoline. Experimental data obtained by the gravimetric method on mass burn-up rates and attenuation conditions of gasoline on the surface of which a binary fire-extinguishing layer of dry and wetted porous materials is applied are presented. It was found that the mass burnout rate of gasoline at a foam glass layer thickness of 0, 2 and 4 cm was 9.2 g / (m2 • s), 6.0 g / (m2 • s) and 2.7 g / (m2 • s), respectively ). In the case of using dry exfoliated perlite and vermiculite, which is applied to the base layer of foam glass with a height of 4 cm mass burning rate of gasoline is reduced by 2-4 times compared with the same layers of foam glass. The total fire-extinguishing height of the layer of dry perlite and vermiculite applied to the base layer of foam glass with a height of 4 cm is 2 cm. To extinguish gasoline only dry foam glass requires a layer of foam glass 6 cm applied to the base layer. In the case of using wetted materials with maximum moisture content applied to the base layer of foam glass, gasoline quenching is achieved by a layer thickness of wet foam glass 3 cm, and perlite and vermiculite 1 cm. Wetting of foam glass, exfoliated perlite and vermiculite and vermiculite leads to an increase in the fire-extinguishing properties of light porous materials.

References

1. Campbell, R. (2014). Fires at Outside Storage Tanks. Report National fire protection association. Retrieve from https://www.nfpa.org/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics-and-reports
2. Hylton, J. G. (2017). U.S. Fire Department Profile. Report: NFPA's. 39. Retrieve from https://www.nfpa.org/-/media/Files/News-and-Research/Fire-statistics/Fire-service/osfdprofile.pdf
3. LANG, Xu-qing, LIU, Quan-zhen, GONG, Hong. (2011). Study of Fire Fighting System to Extinguish Full Surface Fire of Large Scale Floating Roof Tanks. Procedia Engineering, (11), 189–195. Retrieve from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705811008344
4. Code, P. (2018). Fire extinguishing media. Foam concentrates – Part 1: Specification for medium expansion foam concentrates for urface application to water-immiscible liquids. European committee for standardization.
5. Olkowska, E., Polkowska, Z. Namieśnik, J. (2011). Analytics of surfactants in the environment: problems and challenges. Chem. Rev, (111), 5667–5700. Retrieve from https://doi.org/10.1021/cr100107g
6. Code, P. (2012). Classification on fires. European committee for standardization.
7. Dadashov, I. F., Trehubov, D. H., Senchykhin, YU. M. & Kiryeyev, O. O. (2018). Napryamky vdoskonalennya hasinnya pozhezh naftoproduktiv. Naukovyy visnyk budivnytstva (4, 94), 238–249. Retrieve from https://nuczu.edu.ua/sciencearchive/Problems OfEmergencies/vol28/4dadashev.pdf
8. Karandashova, N. S., Goltsman, B. M. & Yatsenko, E. A. (2017). Analysis of Influence of Foaming Mixture Components on Structure and Properties of Foam Glass. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, (262), 1–6. Retrieve from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/262/1/012020
9. Makarenko, V. S., Kiryeyev, O. O., Chyrkina, M. A. Dadashov, I. F. (2020). Doslidzhennya izolyuyuchykh vlastyvostey shariv lehkykh porystykh materialiv. Problemy pozharnoy bezopasnosti, (48), 112–118. Retrieve from https://nuczu.edu.ua/images/topmenu/science/zbirky-naukovykh-prats-ppb/ppb48/15.pdf
10. William Bleam Layer (2017). Structure of Vermiculite and Smectite Group Minerals. Soil and Environmental Chemistry, (2). Retrieve from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/ ver-miculite
11. Samar, M. & Saxena, D. S. Study of chemical and physical properties of perlite and its application in India. International Journal of Science Technology, (5, 4), 70–80. Retrieve from http://www.ijstm.com/images/short_pdf/1460020555_434V.pdf
12. Dadashov, І., Kireev, А., Kirichenko, I., Kovalev, A. & Sharshanov, A. (2018). Simulation of the properties two-laer material. Functional Materials, (25, 4), 774–779. doi: 10.15407/fm25.04.1
13. Dadashov, I. F. (2018). Eksperimental'noye issledovaniye vliyaniya tol-shchiny sloya granulirovannogo penostekla na goreniye organicheskikh zhidkostey. Problemy pozharnoy bezopasnosti, (43), 38–44. Retrieve from https://nuczu.edu.ua/sciencearchive/ProblemsOfFireSafety/vol43/dadashov.pdf
14. Dadashov, I. F., Tregubov, D. G., Kireyev, A.A. Korchagina, A. P. (2019). Hasinnya horyuchykh ridyn vohnehasnoyu systemoyu na osnovi zmochenoho hranulovanoho pinoskla. Problemy pozharnoy bezopasnosti, (45), 34–40. Retrieve from https://nuczu.edu.ua/sciencearchive/ProblemsOfFireSafety/vol45/Dadashov.pdf