Investigation of the effect of flame retardants on the properties of fire-retardant coatings on textile materials

 

Olga Skorodumova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8962-0155

 

Olena Tarakhno

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-9874

 

Andriy Sharshanov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-3453

 

Olena Chebotareva

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-8700

 

Yuliana Gapon

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-5657

 

Kateryna Bajanova

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-6759

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2021-34-18

 

Keywords: fire retardant coatings, hybrid gels, fire retardants, diammonium hydrogenphosphate, carbamide

Аnnotation

The paper considers the influence of the composition of the flame retardant composition on the change of fire-retardant properties of textile materials. Experimental samples of cotton fabric were impregnated with sol of ethyl silicate-40 obtained under conditions of acid-base hydrolysis. A solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the dried surface of the gel coating and dried again. The influence of the composition of the hybrid composition of the system of ethyl silicate gel - flame retardants on the fire-retardant properties of impregnated textile materials was studied, namely the time of onset of fabric charring, the area of damage to the reverse side of the fabric after the action of the kinetic flame for 8 s, as well as the time of onset of tissue destruction, which was determined at the time of the crack on the sample. It is shown that additional fixation on the surface of the hybrid coating of the ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate-urea system further increases the fire-retardant properties of the coating, but only under conditions of using small amounts of urea. It was found that urea acts as a conventional additive-modifier. It improves the properties of the coating in small quantities, and sharply worsens them if it used in large one. In connection with the composition of the hybrid coating was optimized for its effect on the area of damage (total and deep) and the time of onset of destruction of the samples, ie the time during which the crack formed on the fabric under the action of the flame. Small additions of 20 % diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution and 10 % urea solution increase the resistance of the textile material to the action of the kinetic flame by almost 12 times. It is shown that after long-term heat load (for 10 minutes) impregnated fabrics do not lose elasticity. Final burning and decay is not observed. Due to the fact that minor tissue destruction begins only after 10 minutes of action of the kinetic flame, the results made it possible to offer hybrid siliceous coatings for fire protection of rescue stretchers, which are designed to rescue the wounded from high-rise buildings during a fire.

 

References

  1. Klimas', R. V., Odinec', A. V., Matvіichuk, D. Ya., Nesenyuk, L. P. (2019). Rezul'tati analіzu osnovnih pokaznikіv statistiki pojej v Ukraїnі po vіdnoshennyu do chasu pributtya pershogo pіdrozdіlu pojejnoї ohoroni. Civil'nii zahist ta pojejna bezpeka, 1(7), 76–84. doi: 10.33269/nvcz.2019.1.76-84
  2. Nehra, S., Hanumansetty, S., Edgar, A., Rear, A.O., Dahiya, J.B. (2014). Enhancement in flame retardancy of cotton fabric by using surfactant–aided polymerization. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 109, 137–146. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.07.002
  3. Kozłowski, R. M., Muzyczek, M. (2012). Improving the flame retardancy of natural fibres. In Handbook of Natural Fibres Processing and Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, 30–62. doi: 10.1533/9780857095510.1.30
  4. Yang, C. Q. (2013). Flame resistant cotton. In A. R. Horrocks (Ed). Handbook of Fire Resistant Textiles. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, 177–220. doi: 10.1533/9780857098931.2.177
  5. Horrocks, A. R. (Ed.). (2016). Technical fibres for heat and flame protection. In Handbook of Technical Textiles (2-nd Edition). Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, 237–270. doi: 10.1016/B978-1-78242-465-9.00008-2
  6. Tao, W., Zhou, Z., Shen, L., Bin, Z. (2015). Determination of dechlorane flame retardants in soil and fish at Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling site in south China. Environmental Pollution, 206, 361–368. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.043
  7. Law, R. J. (2013). Brominated flame retardants in foods. In Persistent Organic Pollutants and Toxic Metals in Foods. Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, 261–278. doi: 10.1533/9780857098917.2.261
  8. Alongi, J., Malucelli, G., (2012). Cotton fabrics treated with novel oxidic phases acting as effective smoke suppressants. Carbohydrate Polymers, 90, 251–260. doi: 0.1016/j.carbpol.2012.05.032
  9. Horrocks, A. R. (2014). High performance textiles for heat and fire protection. In C. А. Lawrence (Ed.) High Performance Textiles and their Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles, 144–175. doi: 10.1533/9780857099075.144
  10. Brancatelli, G., Colleoni, C., Massafra, M. R., Rosace, G. (2011). Effect of hybrid phosphorus–doped silica thin films produced by sol–gel method on the thermal behaviour of cotton fabrics. Polymer Degradation and Stability 96(4), 483–490. doi: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.01.013
  11. Tata, J., Alongi, J., Carosio, F., Frache, A. (2011). Optimization of the procedure to burn textile fabrics by cone calorimeter: part I. Combustion behavior of polyester. Fire and Materials, 35, 397–409. doi: 10.1002/fam.1061
  12. Alongi, J., Ciobanu, M., Malucelli, G. (2011). Cotton fabrics treated with hybrid organic–inorganic coatings obtained through dual–cure processes. Cellulose 18, 1335–1348. doi: 10.1007/s10570-011-9564-5
  13. Skorodumova, O., Tarakhno, O., Chebotaryova, O., Saveliev, D., Emen, F. M. (2021). Investigation of Gas Formation Processes in Cotton Fabrics Impregnated with Binary Compositions of Ethyl Silicate – Flame Retardant System. Materials Science Forum, 1038, 460–467. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.460
  14. Skorodumova, O. Tarakhno, O. Chebotaryova O., Bezuglov, O. Emen F. M. (2021). The Use of Sol-Gel Method for Obtaining Fire-Resistant Elastic Coatings on Cotton Fabrics. Materials Science Forum Submitted, 1038, 468–479. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1038.468