Behavior patterns of reinforced concrete structures of modular shelters in explosion conditions

Tolok Igor

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-9608

Rybka Evgeniy

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-5151

Pozdieiev Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9085-0513

Kustov Maksim

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

Novhorodchenko Alina

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2347-093X

Plisko Yuliia

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9526-1119

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-18

Keywords: modular shelter, reinforced concrete structures, stress-strain state, mathematical modeling, impact of explosions

Аnnotation

The results of mathematical modeling of the impact of the explosion and the resulting stress-strain state in reinforced concrete structures of a modular shelter are presented. The compliance of the shelters with the safety conditions required by the current standards of Ukraine is also established. For this purpose, the behavior of the enclosing structures of ground modular shelters under the effects of explosions and the action of penetrating ionizing radiation was investigated, which guarantees the safety of people inside the shelters and their protection from the effects of air strikes. The scientific study obtained results that allow investigating the mechanisms of destruction or loss of integrity of shelter structures and establishing the relationship between these aspects and ensuring the performance of its protective functions under the effects of an explosion during enemy shelling. The results of the study were obtained through the development of a new approach to calculations based on the use of the warhead of the corresponding projectile in TNT equivalent, the explosion distance and the position of the point where the explosion occurs. The corresponding calculations were used in the LS-DYNA software package, where the behavior of reinforced concrete shelter structures under load conditions was mathematically described, and mathematical relations of strength and plasticity theories were also used. And the pressure determined by these parameters can be used to study its impact on structures. The results of mathematical modeling of the behavior of protective shelters under explosion conditions were obtained, which allow us to investigate the mechanisms of destruction or loss of integrity of shelter structures and establish the relationship of these aspects with ensuring the performance of its protective functions under the influence of an explosion. The implementation of the research results is the presentation of technical proposals for modular shelters to protect the population from damage caused by combat operations.

References

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Еnsuring the safety of passengers during the depressurization of the aircraft cabin in high-altitude flights

Rudakov Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8263-0476

Myrgorod Oksana

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-3435

Petukhova Olena

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4832-1255

Pirohov Oleksandr

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0958-0801

Shcholokov Eduard

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9923-1487

Korniienko Ruslan

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-283X

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-16

Keywords: method of regression analysis, reserve time, complex of means of informing passengers, hypoxia

Аnnotation

The work includes an improved complex of technical means of collective informing about the values of the maximum reserve time of consciousness preservation in emergency situations (ES) of high-altitude flights. Statistical data on the occurrence of emergency situations (ES) on passenger aircraft were studied, which indicate the need to develop means of ensuring the safety of passengers of civil aviation aircraft in the event of emergency situations.One such complex is a complex of technical means of collectively informing passengers about the values of the maximum reserve time of maintaining consciousness in emergency situations in high-altitude flights. The object of the study is the organization of the safety of aircraft passengers in the event of an emergency.The article addressed the problem of ensuring the safety of aircraft passengers by identifying and eliminating some discrepancies between the possibilities of informing passengers and the lack of a set of technical means that allow such information to be implemented.To eliminate such discrepancies, a mathematical approach to the synthesis of integral indicators of the danger of high-altitude flight emergencies was considered, which made it possible to substantiate the need for the development of technologies for monitoring the situation in the aircraft cabin for the timely recognition of potentially dangerous situations caused by a decrease in barometric pressure. The work solves the scientific task of the research, which includes the development of a set of scientifically based technical solutions for informing aircraft passengers in the event of a high-altitude flight emergency.The peculiarities and distinguishing features of the obtained results, thanks to which they allowed to solve the researched problem, was the development of the algorithm of riskometry of the safety of high-altitude flights based on the human factor, with the subsequent implementation in the complex of technical means of ensuring safety. In order to build a complex of technical means of notifying passengers in the emergency of high-altitude flights, passenger safety assessments are given, calculated in real time on the basis of primary indicators available for registration during the entire flight (including in the event of an emergency). The practical application of the obtained results can be used in the aviation field in the event of an emergency.

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Dynamic processes during separation of a tank from the bottom as a result of a fire

Nesukh Mykhailo

State University of Infrastructure and Technologies

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2561-110X

Subota Andrii

State University of Infrastructure and Technologies

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8605-344X

Shvydenko Andrii

Cherkasy State Business College

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7708-8595

Nekora Olga

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5202-3285

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-17

Keywords: tank detachment, welded joint, fire, numerical modeling, factorial experiment, finite elements, regression analysis

Аnnotation

The patterns of changes in the parameters of the movement of a part of a tank after separation from the bottom depending on its design parameters and the conditions of its filling were studied. Based on the conducted studies, a mathematical model of the separation process of a part of a tank was formed, which takes into account both geometric and physical nonlinearities of the material. The methods of mathematical modeling, numerical analysis and computer simulation were used for the selected study. Mathematical models allow for an accurate description of the stress-strain state, and numerical methods, in particular finite element and smoothed particle (SPH) methods, provide accurate modeling of the interaction between structural elements and the liquid. Numerical experiments were conducted using the LS-DYNA software package, which made it possible to determine the main parameters of the separation process, such as the maximum stresses in the welded joint zone and the distribution of deformations in the tank material. The results of numerical modeling showed that the main destruction occurs precisely in welded joints, due to the lower strength of the seam compared to the main tank material. This is consistent with the experimental data obtained in laboratory conditions. For a more detailed analysis, a full factorial experiment and regression analysis were conducted, which allowed us to identify the key factors that affect the separation process and establish empirical relationships between the load, material and geometry parameters of the samples. The constructed regression model demonstrates a high correlation between the selected factors and the separation parameters of the tank. The results obtained can be used to predict the behavior of steel tanks during a fire and develop recommendations to improve their safety and strength, taking into account the conditions of real operational loads.

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The study of the cloging process of stormwater infiltration systems with various filter nozzles

Artemiev Serhii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4535-1990

Rybalova Оlha

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-4780

Bryhada Olena

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5777-8516

Ilinskyi Oleksii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-9462

Matsak Anton

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-9437

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2024-40-15

Keywords: stormwater, clogging, filtration, filtering nozzles, soil, filtration time

Аnnotation

The process of siltation on multilayer infiltration devices during filtration of stormwater runoff has been studied. Silting of devices determines their operational capacity, nevertheless the quantitative understanding of the silting process is quite limited, especially on devices with different filtering noozles. Therefore, a laboratory study of the effluent infiltration process has been conducted to better understand the physical processes of siltation. The silting process has been studied under conditions of a constant water level, with a concentration of suspended solids of 80‑300 mg/dm³ using four filtering nozzles: basalt, sawdust, limestone and polyurethane foam. It has been discovered that the largest layer of silting is formed at the boundary between the filter and the soil due to the formation of a sludge plug, which "protects" the filter/soil boundary. The composition of the sludge plug of the upper layer filtering the volume of the column has been analyzed and it was determined that the physical siltation is mainly caused by migration of sediment particles with a diameter of less than 0.05–0.071 mm (the fraction of which is the main one in the formation of the sludge plug). The issue of distribution of suspended solids according to size throughout the volume of the filtering device has been studied. The main fractions that most adhesion and affect the process of silting devices have been established. Relationships between the rate of infiltration of stormwater runoff and the accumulation of suspended solids in the filter layer has been determined. The lowest rates of decrease in filtration rate have been observed when using limestone (40 %), polyurethane foam and basalt showed similar results (51 % and 55 %), the largest decrease in filtration rate was in sawdust – 74 %. The practical significance of the results of the study lies in understanding the processes of pollution (siltation) of surface runoff treatment devices, which in turn makes it possible to modernize cleaning systems (design, filter nozzles, etc.) and minimize the accumulation of certain fractions of suspended solids on the surface of the watershed.

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