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S. Shakhov, A. Melnychenko, D. Saveliev, M. Dement, A. Huz. Impact of smoke screens on the fire safety level of shelters. Р. 304-316.

Impact of smoke screens on the fire safety level of shelters

 

Shakhov Stanislav

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9161-1696

 

Melnychenko Andrii

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7229-6926

 

Saveliev Dmytro

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-0437

 

Dement Maksym

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4975-384X

 

Artem Huz

National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8869-2423

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2025-42-20

 

Keywords: smoke screens, shelters, fire safety, fire modeling, Fire Dynamics Simulator

 

Аnnotation

 

The object of the study is the impact of smoke screens on the fire safety level of shelters. The main hypothesis is that the presence of smoke screens along evacuation routes increases the time before evacuation paths are blocked by hazardous fire factors, thereby enhancing the fire safety level of shelters. The problem addressed was to obtain scientifically substantiated data on the impact of smoke screens on the fire safety of shelters. The results provided data on the dynamics of hazardous fire factors with and without smoke screens. Comparative analysis showed that with smoke screens, the time to reach critical visibility loss at sensor №1 was 33 % slower. Thus, the smoke screen kept the evacuation exit viable for an additional 31 seconds, which is a significant margin for evacuation. Additionally, over 300 seconds, the smoke screen prevented exceeding the permissible limits for factors such as temperature and partial oxygen density. At sensor № 2, the time to reach critical visibility loss was 5 % slower with smoke screens, which is not a significant margin for evacuation. At sensor №3, located near the fire outbreak room, the time to reach critical visibility loss was identical with and without smoke screens, amounting to 37 seconds. Thus, the analysis of the modeling results confirms the appropriateness of smoke screens in enhancing the fire safety level of shelters. Smoke screens extend the time during which evacuation routes remain viable for evacuation. These findings can be used as compensatory measures in cases where evacuation routes in shelters (lacking forced smoke extraction systems) become blocked by hazardous fire factors faster than the duration of evacuation. However, the obtained results require validation through a full-scale experiment using a model evacuation route (corridor) for final confirmation.

 

References

 

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