Yu. Hapon, M. Kustov, R. Ponomarenko, Ye. Slepuzhnikov, М. Chyrkina. Idetification of hazard sources at nuclear reaction with consideration of fuel element corrosion. С. 181-191.

 

Idetification of hazard sources at nuclear reaction with consideration of fuel element corrosion

 

Yuliana Hapon

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3304-5657

 

Maksym Kustov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6960-6399

 

Roman Ponomarenko

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6300-3108

 

Yevhen Slepuzhnikov

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5449-3512

 

Maryna Chyrkina

National University of Civil Defenсe of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2060-9142

 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2023-37-13

 

Keywords: nuclear power plant, galvanic cell, electrode potential, corrosion, reactor, alloy

 

Аnnotation

 

The paper analyzes the sources of potential danger, arising at nuclear power plants as a result of the formation and accumulation of a significant amount of hazardous radioactive products during the process of release and the presence of a principal possibility of release in the event of an accident beyond the limit. The risks of radiation impact on the personnel, population and the environment as a whole are determined. It is established that one of the main factors that negatively affects and significantly limits the lifetime of a nuclear reactor is the corrosion wear of structural materials of the reactor core and fuel cladding, which is caused by the constant circulation of water coolant. A characteristic feature of water-water power reactors has been determined, which consists in continuous and local (nodular) corrosion destruction by the electrochemical mechanism of the surface of the fuel element cladding, which is made of zirconium alloy and steel parts of various grades of other structural parts. The paper shows a short-circuited galvanic element formed on the inner wall of fuel elements made of Zr + 1 % Nb alloy and pellets made of uranium oxide (UxOy), as well as the outer galvanic element of fuel elements and structural materials of the reactor made of steel of different grades. The hazards caused by corrosion destruction and release of hazardous radioactive substances from the reactor core are analyzed. Studies were conducted on the change in the thickness of oxide films depending on the operating time in solutions of different composition and acidity of the environment. The kinetics of galvanic processes accompanying internal and external corrosion was investigated, which plays an important role in improving the ways and methods aimed at preventing and preventing emergencies at nuclear power plants.

 

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