Modeling the thermal effect of fire to the tank in the presence of wind

Oleksii Basmanov

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6434-6575

Maksym Maksymenko

National University of Civil Defence of Ukraine

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1888-4815

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52363/2524-0226-2022-35-18

Keywords: emergency, tank fire, fire heat impact, radiant heat transfer, convective heat transfer

Аnnotation

Forecasting the consequences of emergencies caused by the fire in a vertical steel tank with oil in the presence of wind is considered. A model of heating the shell of a tank with oil under the thermal influence of a fire in an adjacent tank is built. The model takes into account radiant heat transfer, convective heat transfer (to ambient air in forced mode and to steam-air mixture in gas space in free mode). The model is a differential equation that describes the process of heat transfer inside the tank shell, with boundary conditions on the outer and inner shell surfaces. The inclination of the flame by the wind to adjacent tank leads to increasing the coefficient of mutual irradiation between the flame and the upper edge of the tank shell. In this case, the mutual irradiation coefficient increases monotonically while wind speed is increasing. It is shown that for vertical steel tanks with a capacity of up to 20,000 m³, the irradiation coefficient depends only on the type of flammable liquid (in dimensionless coordinates). By using the methods of similarity theory, the estimation of the convective heat transfer coefficient of forced convection on the outer surface of the tank shell is obtained. Applying the finite difference method for solving the heat balance equation allows obtaining the temperature distribution on the tank shell at arbitrary time. It allows determining the area on the shell surface that needs to be cooled. The presence of wind in the direction of the heated tank significantly increases the risk of spreading the fire. In particular, in the case of a fire in an oil tank and wind speed of 5 m/s, the shell temperature of the adjacent tank reaches 250 ºC after 5 minutes.

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