Scientific Journal Problems of Emergency Situations - Pietukhov R., Kireev A., Slepuzhnikov E., Savchenko A., Shevchenko S., Deineka V., Increasing lifetime of the rapid-hardening foam. P. 215-222.

A study of the lifetime of rapid-hardening foams (RHF) obtained on the basis of the gel-forming system Na2O • nSiO2 (9% solution) + NaHCO3 (9% solution) was performed. Ways to increase the stability of the foam have been identified. The type of additional chemical compounds that increase the stability characteristics of the rapid-hardening foams has been determined experimentally. It was found that the addition of substances such as glycerin, polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) leads to a partial or significant increase in the lifetime of rapid-hardening foams. In the course of experimental studies, the composition of the gelling system for obtaining rapid-hardening foams with a high lifetime was established. Such a system is Na2O·nSiO2 (9 % solution) + NaHCO3 (9 % solution) + CMC (0,5% vol.) + foaming agent «Morskoy» (6% vol.). It was found that increasing the concentration of CMC negatively affects the mobility of rapid-hardening foams and its multiplicity. Thus, in the system without CMC the multiplicity of the obtained foam was about 14, and in the system with the addition of 0.5% CMC the multiplicity sharply decreased by about 2,5 times and became equal to 6. The addition of 1% CMC leads to the formation of foam multiplicity 3. When trying to obtain foam from solutions in which the mass fraction of CMC was 1,5 and 2%, the formation of low multiplicity foam (<2) of inhomogeneous structure. At the same time, the mobility of the foam decreased, which led to a multiple decrease in its ability to spread on the surface of the liquid. It has been experimentally established that increasing the stability of RHF by adding a water-soluble film former (CMC) to the foaming system leads to the formation of a solid film which increases the strength of the solid gel framework. At the same time, the hard film can increase the insulating properties of the foam.

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